Non-fiction structures knowledge supports analysing text presentation

La conoscenza delle strutture di saggistica supporta l'analisi della presentazione del testo


Context clues support morphological analysis

Gli indizi contestuali supportano l'analisi morfologica


Curriculum money problem-solving (Maths Y2) provides arithmetic foundation for making change

La risoluzione di problemi di denaro del curriculum (Matematica Y2) fornisce la base aritmetica per fare il resto


Finding coin combinations (Maths Y2) supports change calculation

Trovare combinazioni di monete (Matematica Y2) supporta il calcolo del resto


Must recognise coin/note values before calculating change

Tuo figlio deve riconoscere i valori delle monete/banconote prima di calcolare il resto


Must understand buying transactions before calculating change

Tuo figlio deve comprendere le transazioni di acquisto prima di calcolare il resto


Cross-domain: understanding jobs people do (Money & Finance, 5-7) provides foundation for AI's impact on work

Tra i domini: capire i lavori che le persone svolgono (Denaro e finanza, 5-7) fornisce la base per l'impatto dell'IA sul lavoro


Bias awareness adds depth to understanding AI's impact on employment

La consapevolezza dei pregiudizi aggiunge profondità alla comprensione dell'impatto dell'IA sull'occupazione


Must understand human vs machine strengths before exploring how AI changes jobs

Tuo figlio deve comprendere i punti di forza umani rispetto alle macchine prima di esplorare come l'IA cambia i lavori


Understanding reef as habitat requires knowing animals need food/shelter

Capire la barriera corallina come habitat richiede di sapere che gli animali hanno bisogno di cibo/riparo


Coral reefs extend habitat concept from accessible rock pools to underwater reefs

Le barriere coralline estendono il concetto di habitat dalle pozzanghere di roccia accessibili alle barriere coralline sott'acqua


Coral reefs as habitat requires knowing ocean has diverse life

Le barriere coralline come habitat richiede di sapere che l'oceano ha vita diversa


Understanding how evidence works is prerequisite for evaluating archaeological claims

Capire come funzionano le prove è prerequisito per valutare le affermazioni archeologiche


Trojan War is the most famous Greek myth — must know Greek myths first

La guerra di Troia è il mito greco più famoso — bisogna prima conoscere i miti greci


Standard English verb inflections require understanding of past/present tense verb forms

Le flessionie verbali dell'inglese standard richiedono la comprensione delle forme verbali al passato/presente


Grouping living things requires the classification vocabulary — vertebrate, invertebrate, mammal, etc.

Raggruppare gli esseri viventi richiede il vocabolario di classificazione — vertebrato, invertebrato, mammifero, ecc.


Insect vs non-insect sorting enriches curriculum grouping-by-features

L'ordinamento insetto vs non-insetto arricchisce il raggruppamento per caratteristiche del curriculum


Marine animal classification benefits from curriculum grouping-living-things skill

La classificazione degli animali marini beneficia dall'abilità di raggruppamento degli esseri viventi del curriculum


Classifying rainforest life enriches the curriculum grouping-by-features topic (exploratory age 7 -> curriculum age 8)

Classificare la vita della foresta pluviale arricchisce l'argomento del raggruppamento per caratteristiche del curriculum (esplorativo età 7 -> curriculum età 8)


Must identify organisms in habitats before grouping them by observable features

Tuo figlio deve identificare gli organismi negli habitat prima di raggrupparli per caratteristiche osservabili


Animal group knowledge supports flexible grouping of organisms

La conoscenza dei gruppi di animali supporta il raggruppamento flessibile degli organismi


Must understand a/b notation before expressing whole numbers as fractions

Tuo figlio deve comprendere la notazione a/b prima di esprimere i numeri interi come frazioni


Voice assistants are one example of AI in daily life

Gli assistenti vocali sono un esempio di IA nella vita quotidiana


Must understand smart things before spotting AI all around daily life

Tuo figlio deve comprendere le cose intelligenti prima di individuare l'IA in tutta la vita quotidiana


Must understand honest selling before examining broader business ethics

Tuo figlio deve capire la vendita onesta prima di esaminare l'etica commerciale più ampia


Cross-domain: fair trade & ethics (Money & Finance) extends to business ethics

Tra i domini: commercio equo e etica (Denaro e finanza) si estende all'etica commerciale


Social enterprise awareness supports ethical business thinking

La consapevolezza dell'impresa sociale supporta il pensiero etico negli affari


Supply chain knowledge reveals ethical issues in production and trade

La conoscenza della catena di approvvigionamento rivela questioni etiche nella produzione e nel commercio


Named gods and goddesses builds on basic gods and afterlife knowledge

Gli dei e le dee nominati si basano sulla conoscenza di base degli dei e dell'aldilà


Ethics of Egyptology parallels ethics of scientific inquiry and evidence evaluation in paleontology

L'etica dell'Egittologia parallelizza l'etica dell'indagine scientifica e della valutazione delle prove in paleontologia


Egyptology ethics builds on knowing Howard Carter's discovery

L'etica dell'Egittologia si basa sulla conoscenza della scoperta di Howard Carter


Egyptology ethics connects to how tombs/pyramids were excavated

L'etica dell'Egittologia si collega a come le tombe/piramidi sono state scavate


Recognising that colonial-era collecting shapes how we present ancient Egypt is a direct application of the evidence-vs-interpretation distinction

Riconoscere che la raccolta dell'era coloniale modella il modo in cui presentiamo l'Egitto antico è un'applicazione diretta della distinzione prove-vs-interpretazione


Thinking critically about the ethics of displaying mummies or returning artefacts requires the structured argument-writing skills developed in English — claims, evidence, counterclaims

Pensare in modo critico all'etica di esporre le mummie o restituire i manufatti richiede le abilità di scrittura di argomenti strutturati sviluppate in inglese — affermazioni, prove, controclaims


Critically evaluating modern archaeological methods and the ethics of who owns artefacts applies the sourcing habit to contemporary historical practice

Valutare criticamente i moderni metodi archeologici e l'etica di chi possiede i manufatti applica l'abitudine di approvvigionamento alla pratica storica contemporanea


Modern Egyptology ethics builds on understanding artefacts as historical evidence

L'etica dell'Egittologia moderna si basa sulla comprensione dei manufatti come prove storiche


Rectangular arrays with repeated addition extends array representation from Y2

Gli array rettangolari con addizione ripetuta estendono la rappresentazione dell'array da Y2


Expressing array totals as sums of equal addends requires understanding multiplication as repeated addition

Esprimere i totali dell'array come somme di addendi uguali richiede la comprensione della moltiplicazione come addizione ripetuta


Understanding pushes and pulls as forces is supported by the arrow representation of magnitude and direction

La comprensione di spinte e tirature come forze è supportata dalla rappresentazione della freccia della grandezza e della direzione


Understanding irrational numbers like √2 requires knowledge of square roots

Capire i numeri irrazionali come √2 richiede la conoscenza dei quadrati radici


Understanding rational vs irrational requires fluency with fraction-decimal conversion

Capire razionale vs irrazionale richiede fluidità con la conversione frazione-decimale


Using the particle model to explain density, compressibility, and anomalous expansion requires fluent reading and drawing of particle diagrams

Utilizzare il modello di particelle per spiegare la densità, la compressibilità e l'espansione anomala richiede la lettura corrente e il disegno di diagrammi di particelle


KS3 particle model extends US KS2 introduction to matter as particles too small to see

Il modello di particelle KS3 estende l'introduzione USA KS2 alla materia come particelle troppo piccole per essere viste


KS3 particle model extends KS2 classification of solids, liquids and gases by observable properties

Il modello di particelle KS3 estende la classificazione KS2 di solidi, liquidi e gas per proprietà osservabili


Simplifying fractions extends Y5 equivalent fractions concept

La semplificazione delle frazioni estende il concetto di frazioni equivalenti Y5


Using common factors/multiples requires knowledge of common factors and multiples

L'utilizzo di fattori comuni/multipli richiede la conoscenza dei fattori comuni e dei multipli


Simplifying fractions to simplest form requires 'simplest form' and 'common factor' vocabulary

La semplificazione delle frazioni alla forma più semplice richiede il vocabolario 'forma più semplice' e 'fattore comune'


Y3 grammar terminology builds on Y2 grammar terminology

La terminologia grammaticale Y3 si basa sulla terminologia grammaticale Y2


Understanding subordination needed for clause/subordinate clause terms

La comprensione della subordinazione è necessaria per i termini di clausola/clausola subordinata


Understanding structures supporting survival helps justify classification by specific characteristics

La comprensione delle strutture che supportano la sopravvivenza aiuta a giustificare la classificazione per caratteristiche specifiche


Must know the broad classification groups before giving reasoned justifications for classification

Tuo figlio deve conoscere i gruppi di classificazione generali prima di fornire giustificazioni ragionate per la classificazione


Understanding cell components requires first knowing that cells are the fundamental unit of life

Capire i componenti cellulari richiede di sapere prima che le cellule sono l'unità fondamentale della vita


Budgeting awareness helps understand why overspending leads to borrowing

La consapevolezza del budget aiuta a capire perché la spesa eccessiva porta al prestito


Must understand banks and interest before learning about loans and debt

Tuo figlio deve comprendere le banche e gli interessi prima di imparare i prestiti e il debito


Marketing skills support persuasive pitching

Le abilità di marketing supportano il pitch persuasivo


Must be able to plan a business before pitching it

Tuo figlio deve essere in grado di pianificare un'impresa prima di proporla


Must understand AI can be wrong before examining systematic bias

Tuo figlio deve capire che l'IA può essere sbagliata prima di esaminare i pregiudizi sistematici


Must understand training process before grasping how biased data creates biased AI

Tuo figlio deve comprendere il processo di formazione prima di comprendere come i dati distorti creano un'IA distorta


Plotting a scatter graph is the representational skill underpinning the conceptual understanding of correlation described in mt_8atyuvPUZc

Tracciare un grafico a dispersione è l'abilità di rappresentazione che sostiene la comprensione concettuale della correlazione descritta in mt_8atyuvPUZc


KS3 carbon cycle extends KS2 model of matter movement among plants, animals, decomposers and the environment

Il ciclo del carbonio KS3 estende il modello KS2 del movimento della materia tra piante, animali, decompositori e l'ambiente


The carbon cycle's return of CO₂ to the atmosphere via living things is through respiration — the aerobic respiration equation must be understood

Il ritorno del ciclo del carbonio di CO₂ all'atmosfera attraverso gli esseri viventi avviene attraverso la respirazione — l'equazione della respirazione aerobica deve essere compresa


The carbon cycle involves organisms feeding, respiring, and decomposing — understanding food webs provides the biological context

Il ciclo del carbonio coinvolge organismi che si alimentano, respirano e si decompongono — comprendere le catene alimentari fornisce il contesto biologico


The carbon cycle's biological removal of CO₂ is via photosynthesis — that process must be understood to trace carbon through the cycle

La rimozione biologica del CO₂ del ciclo del carbonio avviene attraverso la fotosintesi — quel processo deve essere compreso per tracciare il carbonio attraverso il ciclo


Drawing accurate pie chart sectors requires protractor skills

Disegnare i settori accurati del grafico a torta richiede competenze di trasportatore


Y6 line graphs extend Y5 line graph interpretation

I grafici a linee Y6 estendono l'interpretazione dei grafici a linee Y5


Constructing pie charts requires knowing angles at a point sum to 360°

La costruzione di grafici a torta richiede di sapere che gli angoli in un punto sommano a 360°


Pie chart sector angles connect to percentage calculation

Gli angoli del settore del grafico a torta si collegano al calcolo della percentuale


Constructing pie charts and line graphs requires the display vocabulary

La costruzione di grafici a torta e grafici a linee richiede il vocabolario di visualizzazione


Social hierarchy builds on knowing pharaohs existed as rulers

La gerarchia sociale si basa sulla conoscenza che i faraoni esistevano come governanti


Social pyramid builds on knowing daily life of ordinary Egyptians

La piramide sociale si basa sulla conoscenza della vita quotidiana degli antichi egizi ordinari


Describing Egyptian social hierarchy requires 'scribe', 'vizier', 'pharaoh', and related terms

Descrivere la gerarchia sociale egiziana richiede 'scriba', 'visir', 'faraone' e termini correlati


Distinguishing defining vs non-defining attributes requires knowing common 2-D shape names first

Distinguere gli attributi definiti da quelli non definiti richiede di conoscere prima i nomi delle forme 2-D comuni


Identifying defining attributes builds on informal analysis and comparison of shapes

L'identificazione degli attributi definiti si basa sull'analisi informale e il confronto delle forme


Comparing and ordering measurements with symbols requires being able to measure in standard units

Il confronto e l'ordinamento delle misurazioni con i simboli richiede la capacità di misurare in unità standard


Using >, <, = for measurements parallels using them for numbers

L'uso di >, <, = per le misurazioni parallelizza il loro utilizzo per i numeri


Radiometric and absolute dating depends on rock strata and relative dating concepts

La datazione radiometrica e assoluta dipende dai concetti di strati rocciosi e datazione relativa


Radiometric dating depends on understanding atomic structure and isotopes

La datazione radiometrica dipende dalla comprensione della struttura atomica e degli isotopi


Understanding that Champollion's decipherment transformed interpretations illustrates directly how evidence and interpretation interact

Capire che il deciframento di Champollion ha trasformato le interpretazioni illustra direttamente come le prove e l'interpretazione interagiscono


Critically evaluating the reliability and bias of historical sources requires sophisticated inference skills developed in English reading comprehension

Valutare criticamente l'affidabilità e il pregiudizio delle fonti storiche richiede sofisticate abilità di inferenza sviluppate nella comprensione della lettura in inglese


Advanced Egyptian scribal culture and literary traditions depends on Rosetta Stone and hieroglyphic decipherment

La cultura scribale egiziana avanzata e le tradizioni letterarie dipendono dalla Stele di Rosetta e dal deciframento geroglific


Evaluating how knowledge of ancient Egypt is built from multiple source types, and why the same artefact can be interpreted differently, is corroboration in a domain-specific context

Valutare come la conoscenza dell'Egitto antico è costruita da molteplici tipi di fonti e perché lo stesso manufatto può essere interpretato diversamente è una corroborazione in un contesto specifico del dominio


Must understand insect vs non-insect distinctions before using classification keys

Tuo figlio deve comprendere le distinzioni tra insetto e non-insetto prima di utilizzare le chiavi di classificazione


Pattern mapping benefits from knowing Earth's surface changes

La mappatura dei modelli beneficia dalla conoscenza dei cambiamenti della superficie terrestre


Mapping earthquake patterns requires knowing what earthquakes are

La mappatura dei modelli di terremoto richiede di sapere cosa sono i terremoti


Mapping volcano/earthquake patterns benefits from knowing about landforms like mountains and valleys

La mappatura dei modelli di vulcano/terremoto beneficia dalla conoscenza di forme del paesaggio come montagne e valli


Mapping patterns benefits from understanding earthquake causes

La mappatura dei modelli beneficia dalla comprensione delle cause dei terremoti


Mapping volcano patterns requires knowing what volcanoes are

La mappatura dei modelli di vulcano richiede di sapere cosa sono i vulcani


Segmenting words into phonemes and spelling CVC words requires knowing 'phoneme', 'segment', and 'CVC' as defined terms

Segmentare le parole in fonemi e scrivere parole CVC richiede di conoscere 'fonema', 'segmento' e 'CVC' come termini definiti


È necessaria la conoscenza del GPC per codificare i fonemi


È necessaria l'abilità di segmentazione per l'ortografia


Handwriting needed for spelling practice

È necessaria la scrittura manuale per la pratica di ortografia


Understanding days/months/years builds on sequencing events chronologically

Capire giorni/mesi/anni si basa sulla sequenza degli eventi cronologicamente


Must understand kings and power before grasping the feudal hierarchy

Tuo figlio deve capire i re e il potere prima di comprendere la gerarchia feudale


Must know about knights before understanding their place in the feudal system

Tuo figlio deve sapere dei cavalieri prima di comprendere il loro posto nel sistema feudale


Norman Conquest established the feudal system in England

La conquista normanna ha stabilito il sistema feudale in Inghilterra


Must understand peasant life before grasping serfdom in the feudal system

Tuo figlio deve comprendere la vita dei contadini prima di comprendere la servitù nel sistema feudale


Polar animals knowledge enriches the migration topic in Animals of the World (Polar 5-7 -> Animals 7-9)

La conoscenza degli animali polari arricchisce l'argomento della migrazione in Animali del mondo (Polare 5-7 -> Animali 7-9)


Migration needs understanding that animals live in different places

La migrazione richiede di capire che gli animali vivono in posti diversi


Wildebeest migration is a key savanna example

La migrazione degli gnu è un esempio chiave della savana


Must understand dinosaurs are extinct before learning fossils are how we know about them

Tuo figlio deve capire che i dinosauri sono estinti prima di imparare che i fossili sono come li conosciamo


Recognising that your patterns have changed over time requires first having noticed those patterns in the present

Riconoscere che i vostri modelli sono cambiati nel tempo richiede prima di aver notato quei modelli nel presente


Reflecting on your own growth requires first having developed honest self-awareness of your assumptions and reactions — growth reflection is hollow without prior self-scrutiny

Riflettere sulla propria crescita richiede prima di aver sviluppato un'onesta consapevolezza di sé dei propri presupposti e reazioni — la riflessione sulla crescita è vuota senza un precedente auto-esame


Reflecting on your own personal growth is the PSD form of the universal learning-reflection habit

Riflettere sulla propria crescita personale è la forma PSD dell'abitudine di riflessione di apprendimento universale


Le Olimpiadi si tenevano in onore di Zeus


Olympics need geographic context of ancient Greece

Le Olimpiadi hanno bisogno del contesto geografico della Grecia antica


Adapting speech builds on formal/informal register

Adattare il discorso si basa sul registro formale/informale


Adapting speech builds on formal vocabulary

Adattare il discorso si basa sul vocabolario formale


Appreciating eruption power benefits from knowing what a volcano is

Apprezzare la potenza dell'eruzione beneficia dal sapere cos'è un vulcano


KS3 narrative technique builds on KS2 planning narrative writing from author techniques

La tecnica narrativa KS3 si basa sulla pianificazione della scrittura narrativa KS2 da tecniche dell'autore


Writing narratives with pacing, point of view, and varied transitions depends on command of the full toolkit of transitional and cohesive devices for signalling shifts in time, setting, and perspective

La scrittura di narrazioni con ritmo, punto di vista e transizioni variate dipende dal comando del set completo di dispositivi transizionali e coesivi per segnalare spostamenti nel tempo, nell'ambientazione e nella prospettiva


KS3 narrative writing extends KS2 writing narratives with settings, characters, and plot

La scrittura narrativa KS3 estende la scrittura di narrazioni KS2 con impostazioni, personaggi e trama


Comparing experimental and theoretical probability requires prior experience conducting simple experiments and recording results

Confrontare la probabilità sperimentale e teorica richiede l'esperienza precedente di condurre semplici esperimenti e registrare i risultati


Comparing experimental results with theoretical predictions requires being able to calculate the theoretical probability first

Confrontare i risultati sperimentali con le previsioni teoriche richiede di essere in grado di calcolare prima la probabilità teorica


Distinguishing plural -s from possessive -'s requires understanding of regular plurals

Distinguere il plurale -s dal possessivo -'s richiede la comprensione dei plurali regolari


Distinguishing plural -s from possessive 's requires prior knowledge of how apostrophes mark possession

Distinguere il plurale -s dal possessivo -'s richiede la conoscenza precedente di come gli apostrofi marcano il possesso


Builds on singular possessive apostrophe to contrast with plural -s

Si basa sull'apostrofo possessivo singolare per contrastare con il plurale -s


Must understand dinosaurs existed before learning to name species

Tuo figlio deve capire che i dinosauri esistevano prima di imparare a nominare le specie


Thunder/lightning science builds on basic storm safety awareness

La scienza del tuono/fulmine si basa sulla consapevolezza di base della sicurezza temporalesca


Lightning forms in clouds; requires understanding cloud formation

Il fulmine si forma nelle nuvole; richiede la comprensione della formazione delle nuvole


Energy flow through trophic levels requires first understanding food webs and the feeding relationships they represent

Il flusso di energia attraverso i livelli trofici richiede prima di capire le catene alimentari e le relazioni alimentari che rappresentano


Tracing energy transfer through trophic levels requires the food web diagram representation

Tracciare il trasferimento di energia attraverso i livelli trofici richiede la rappresentazione del diagramma della catena alimentare


Standard form uses powers of 10 which requires understanding integer powers

La forma standard utilizza potenze di 10 che richiede la comprensione delle potenze intere


Must understand how training works before understanding why it can go wrong

Tuo figlio deve capire come funziona l'allenamento prima di capire perché può andare male


Using classification keys to name living things requires the classification group vocabulary

L'utilizzo di chiavi di classificazione per nominare gli esseri viventi richiede il vocabolario del gruppo di classificazione


Must understand grouping by features before using formal classification keys

Tuo figlio deve comprendere il raggruppamento per caratteristiche prima di utilizzare le chiavi di classificazione formali


Minibeast classification keys are a concrete application of curriculum classification-keys

Le chiavi di classificazione minibeast sono un'applicazione concreta delle chiavi di classificazione del curriculum


Must know single letter sounds before vowel digraphs

Tuo figlio deve conoscere i suoni di lettere singole prima dei digrammi vocalici


Must know stars are sky objects before recognising patterns among them

Tuo figlio deve sapere che le stelle sono oggetti del cielo prima di riconoscere i modelli tra loro


Gods and afterlife connect to pyramids as burial places

Gli dei e l'aldilà si collegano alle piramidi come luoghi di sepoltura


Describing the afterlife and burial beliefs requires 'mummy', 'sarcophagus', 'tomb' vocabulary

Descrivere l'aldilà e le credenze di sepoltura richiede il vocabolario 'mummia', 'sarcofago', 'tomba'


Understanding skeleton and muscles provides context for internal organ systems

Capire lo scheletro e i muscoli fornisce il contesto per i sistemi di organi interni


Enrichment knowledge of 4-chamber heart and double loop supports formal curriculum study of circulatory system


Identifying and naming parts of the circulatory system requires circulatory system vocabulary: artery, vein, capillary, blood vessel


Must know digestive system before learning circulatory system that transports digested nutrients


Must know the Moon is a sky object before observing its phases


Predator-prey strategies build on curriculum classification of carnivores/herbivores/omnivores


Predator-prey builds on camouflage as a defence strategy


Nocturnal hunting connects to predator strategies


Savanna predator-prey (lions/zebras) is foundation for predator-prey strategies


Constructing pictograms, tally charts, and bar charts requires these display vocabulary terms


Constructing pictograms and tally charts requires classifying and counting objects first


Data representation formats (pictograms, tally charts) support organising data


Reading and constructing historical timelines requires understanding time unit conversions (decades, centuries, millennia)


Reading a timeline with a scale and reading coordinates on a grid share the same positional-notation skills


Practical experiment experience provides the intuitive grounding that makes fractional probability representation meaningful


Expressing probabilities as unit fractions (1/6, 1/2, 1/3) requires prior knowledge of unit fractions from the Fractions domain


Using fractions to represent probability only makes sense for equally-likely outcomes, so the equally-likely concept must come first


Need to understand vowel sounds before split digraphs


Cells-to-systems hierarchy helps organise knowledge of heart as an organ in a system


Cells-to-systems hierarchy helps organise knowledge of brain as an organ in a system

La gerarchia cellule-sistemi aiuta a organizzare la conoscenza del cervello come organo in un sistema


Cells-to-systems hierarchy helps organise knowledge of lungs as organs in a system


Arrays help demonstrate commutativity (rotate the array)

Gli array aiutano a dimostrare la commutatività (ruota l'array)


Commutativity of multiplication requires understanding multiplication


Rounding to any place extends Y5 rounding


Rounding decimals requires reading/writing decimals to thousandths


Producing coherent writing for task/purpose/audience requires these as precise, understood concepts


Producing coherent writing matched to task/purpose/audience builds on planning skills; learners must know how to plan before they can match organisation to purpose


Coherent organisation requires facility with paragraphs and structural devices like headings


Add/sub within one whole is prerequisite to extending beyond one whole

L'addizione/sottrazione entro un intero è prerequisito per estendere oltre un intero


Invasive species are one cause of endangerment


Understanding adaptation explains why invasives succeed and natives fail


Invasive species concept requires knowing animals have specific environments


Fluency within 100 builds on strategy-based adding within 100


Fluency within 100 requires fluent single-digit facts


Drawing conclusions builds on prepared discussion


Solving four-digit problems requires columnar methods


Two-step A+S context problems extend Y3 problem-solving


Finding unknown angles in polygons requires reading diagrams where known angles are marked with arcs and tick marks


Finding angles in polygons requires knowing shape properties


Finding unknown angles builds on Y5 angle sum facts (180°, 360°)


Recognising how emotional awareness has grown over time is the Emotional Literacy domain-specific form of the foundational growth-reflection habit


Reflecting on emotional patterns over time and recognising recurring triggers builds on the foundational habit of noticing patterns in your reactions


Emotional pattern reflection connects to coping toolkit reflection


Reflecting on emotional patterns builds on understanding emotions influence decisions


Reflection on patterns benefits from understanding cultural context


Must observe parent-offspring resemblance before analysing inherited traits with data


Must know offspring grow into adults before observing parent-offspring similarities and differences


Animal babies looking different from parents connects to curriculum offspring resemblance topic

I cuccioli animali che sembrano diversi dai genitori si collegano all'argomento della somiglianza della prole del curriculum


Working with 1/4, 2/4, 3/4 extends from Y1 understanding of quarters


Working with fractions extends from Y1 understanding of halves


Finding fractions of quantities uses equal sharing (division)


Writing fractions like 1/3 and 3/4 requires knowing numerator and denominator


Athens vs Sparta contrasts are key context for women's lives comparison

I contrasti Atene vs Sparta sono contesto chiave per il confronto delle vite delle donne


Understanding historical context/empathy needed before evaluating lives of marginalised groups


Evaluating whose voices are missing requires understanding how evidence works


Understanding Roman society structure needed for examining enslaved people in Rome


Calculating the mean requires 'mean' and 'average' vocabulary

Calcolare la media richiede il vocabolario 'media' e 'medio'


Calculating mean requires decimal addition

Calcolare la media richiede addizione decimale


Calculating mean requires division giving decimal answers

Calcolare la media richiede la divisione che dà risposte decimali


Scaled bar charts are prerequisite to continuous data and time graphs


Distinguishing discrete from continuous data and choosing graphical methods requires these terms


Mummification involves prayers to specific gods like Anubis


Mummification process builds on knowing about afterlife beliefs and tomb treasures


Knowledge of the body's internal organs helps children understand which organs were removed and preserved in canopic jars during mummification


Describing mummification requires 'natron', 'canopic jar', 'sarcophagus', 'linen' vocabulary


Goal-setting and progress monitoring uses vocabulary of self-regulation and managing distress when things go wrong


PSD goal-setting scaffolds the learning goal practices taught in Learning-to-Learn


Goal-setting builds on ability to break tasks into steps


Must know penguins live in Antarctic (not Arctic) from the comparison topic


KS3 plant reproduction (flower anatomy, pollination types, dispersal mechanisms) extends KS2 plant lifecycle


Power is the rate of energy transfer — the concept of energy stores and conservation must be understood before rates can be discussed


Polar regions enrich the curriculum habitats topic (exploratory age 5 -> curriculum age 6)


Describing how habitats provide for basic needs requires habitat, environment, conditions, shelter vocabulary


Rainforest habitat knowledge enriches the curriculum habitats topic (exploratory age 5 -> curriculum age 6)


Must know basic needs of organisms before understanding how habitats provide for those needs


Ocean animal needs parallels curriculum habitats/basic needs concept


Animal homes concept is enriched by curriculum habitats topic

Il concetto di case degli animali è arricchito dall'argomento habitat del curriculum


Must distinguish living from non-living before understanding habitats that support living things


Exploratory micro-habitats knowledge enriches curriculum habitats topic


Must understand glaciers and ice sheets before the broader cryosphere concept


Water cycle understanding enriches the cryosphere-water system topic (Weather 7-9 -> Polar 9-11)


Ocean connections enrich the water system perspective


Need to read root words before inflected forms


Examining own biases builds on understanding stereotypes


Examining biases benefits from understanding prejudice impact


Reflecting on unconscious assumptions and biases towards others builds on the foundational habit of questioning your first reading of social situations


Must evaluate weather hazard solutions before comparing solutions for broader natural hazards


Discussing solutions to reduce impacts of natural processes uses environmental vocabulary


Must understand fast/slow Earth events before designing solutions to reduce their impacts


Recognising coin values requires reading numerals (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50)


Selling experience provides context for understanding honest business practice


Must understand customer concept before learning about customer service and trust


Time conversion supports interpreting timetables


Reading scaled charts/tables is prerequisite to interpreting timetables


Measuring with iterated units extends Y1 beginning to measure length


Measuring with units benefits from ability to order and compare lengths


Must understand castle structure before studying how castles were attacked and defended


Knights fought in sieges — armour knowledge enriches siege understanding


Cross-domain: needs vs wants (Money & Finance) helps understand what makes a product desirable


Must know what goods are before creating a product to sell


Must understand exchange before making something to sell


Comparing city-states builds on comparing ancient vs modern life


Athens vs Sparta needs geographic/civilisation context from 5-7

Atene vs Sparta ha bisogno del contesto geografico/civiltà da 5-7


Identifying differences/similarities (curriculum inquiry skill) supports reading cladograms based on shared features


Must understand dinosaur classification before creating cladograms showing relationships


Understanding the economy provides context for how taxes fit into public finance


Must understand earning money before learning that governments take a share as tax


Defining words by attributes supports choosing descriptive adjectives for noun phrases


Sentence concept helps understanding where noun phrases fit


Must know what nouns are before expanding noun phrases


Age 8-9 quantitative reasoning is prerequisite to age 9-10 level

Il ragionamento quantitativo all'età 8-9 è prerequisito per il livello all'età 9-10


Long multiplication with area models connects situations to visual and symbolic representations


Percentage/fraction/decimal equivalence exercises fluency between representations


Philosophy and democracy were intertwined in Athens


Philosophers lived in Athens — need city-state context


Must understand bias before examining fairness in high-stakes AI decisions


Human vs machine comparison provides context for when AI should/shouldn't decide


Must draw conclusions before identifying patterns and using evidence to support findings


Using evidence to answer scientific questions mirrors the skill of asking and answering questions about key details in informational texts in English


Identifying similarities and differences in evidence opens up space for alternative explanations — patterns that differ from expectations prompt the habit of seeking alternatives


Identifying similarities, differences, and changes in scientific data is the science form of the universal pattern-and-structure recognition habit


Basic needs (exercise keeps heart strong) connects to knowing the heart pumps blood

Bisogni base (l'esercizio mantiene il cuore forte) si collega alla conoscenza che il cuore pompa sangue


Basic needs (body needs air) connects to knowing about breathing and lungs

Bisogni base (il corpo ha bisogno di aria) si collega alla conoscenza della respirazione e dei polmoni


Changes of state are explained using the particle model — the particle model must be understood first


Explaining changes of state using the particle model draws on particle diagram literacy


KS3 heating/cooling curves and particle-level explanation extends KS2 observation that materials change state at specific temperatures


Arctic and desert are contrasting extreme environments, each enriches understanding of the other

L'Artico e il deserto sono ambienti estremi contrastanti, ciascuno arricchisce la comprensione dell'altro


Animals of the World polar topic builds on knowing specific polar animals (Polar Regions 5-7 -> Animals 7-9)

L'argomento polare di Animali del mondo si basa sulla conoscenza di specifici animali polari (Regioni polari 5-7 -> Animali 7-9)


Polar animals share adaptation concepts with ocean animal adaptations (blubber, streamlining)


Arctic vs Antarctic distinction enriches Animals of the World polar topic

La distinzione Artico vs Antartide arricchisce l'argomento polare di Animali del mondo


Arctic camouflage (white coats) builds on understanding of camouflage

Il mimetismo artico (mantelli bianchi) si basa sulla comprensione del mimetismo


Polar animals builds on knowing animals live everywhere including cold places


Measuring by counting cubes requires understanding unit cube concept


Measuring in standard units is prerequisite to converting between units


Knowing seconds/minute, days/month etc. is prerequisite to unit conversion problems


Must identify electrical appliances before building circuits


Climate change requires understanding what climate is


Greenhouse effect requires understanding the atmosphere


Climate change understanding enriched by knowing ocean absorbs heat and CO2


Climate change impact clearer with climate zones context


Climate change connects to curriculum energy/fuels and environmental impact


Climate change understanding benefits from knowing Sun drives weather


Carnivore/herbivore classification helps understand why animals have different teeth

La classificazione carnivoro/erbivoro aiuta a capire perché gli animali hanno denti diversi


Enrichment knowledge of four tooth types supports formal curriculum study of teeth and their functions


Must know digestive system before studying teeth as the first stage of digestion


Animals of the World rainforest topic depends on understanding the four layers (exploratory age 5 -> exploratory age 7)

L'argomento foresta pluviale di Animali del mondo dipende dalla comprensione dei quattro livelli (esplorativo età 5 -> esplorativo età 7)


Rainforest layers connect to the idea of animals having different homes


Rainforest animals builds on knowing animals live in diverse environments


Animals of the World rainforest topic builds on knowing specific rainforest animals (exploratory age 5 -> exploratory age 7)

L'argomento foresta pluviale di Animali del mondo si basa sulla conoscenza di specifici animali della foresta pluviale (esplorativo età 5 -> esplorativo età 7)


Understanding organism-habitat relationships supports understanding human impact on environments


Must know circuit components before testing which materials conduct electricity


The heating experiment applies the Q = mcΔT equation and efficiency concepts — those calculations must be understood before doing the practical


Dressing for weather benefits from knowing weather types

Vestirsi a seconda del meteo beneficia dal sapere i tipi di meteo


Clothing choices benefit from understanding temperature

Le scelte di abbigliamento beneficiano dalla comprensione della temperatura


Curriculum herbivore/carnivore/omnivore classification provides foundation for dinosaur diet sorting

La classificazione del curriculum erbivoro/carnivoro/onnivoro fornisce la base per l'ordinamento della dieta dei dinosauri


Knowing common species helps when sorting them by diet

Conoscere specie comuni aiuta quando le si ordina per dieta


Must understand dinosaurs existed before classifying their diets

Tuo figlio deve capire che i dinosauri esistevano prima di classificare le loro diete


Having planned and tried makes failure a meaningful learning experience

Avendo pianificato e provato, il fallimento diventa un'esperienza di apprendimento significativa


Must have tried generating ideas before learning that ideas can fail

Bisogna aver provato a generare idee prima di imparare che le idee possono fallire


Cultural appreciation benefits from understanding fairness

L'apprezzamento culturale trae vantaggio dalla comprensione dell'equità


Cultural diversity appreciation builds on understanding different lives

L'apprezzamento della diversità culturale si basa sulla comprensione di vite diverse


Word problems within 100 require fluent addition/subtraction within 100

I problemi con parole entro 100 richiedono addizione/sottrazione fluida entro 100


Length word problems build on comparing measured lengths

I problemi con parole sulla lunghezza si basano sul confronto di lunghezze misurate


Mixed emotions needs wider vocabulary to describe conflicting feelings

Le emozioni miste necessitano di un vocabolario più ampio per descrivere sentimenti contrastanti


Mixed emotions builds on understanding emotion intensity/nuance

Le emozioni miste si basano sulla comprensione dell'intensità/sfumature emotive


Citing textual evidence extends KS2 providing reasoned justifications with evidence

Citare le prove dal testo estende KS2 fornendo giustificazioni ragionate con prove


Evidence-based inference builds on KS2 drawing inferences from texts

L'inferenza basata su prove si basa su KS2 traendo inferenze dai testi


Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

Cardinality principle si basa su one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'


Need to form letters before grouping into families


Extends KS2 shape classification into formal property derivation

estende KS2 shape classification into formal property derivation


Deriving shape properties requires fluent geometric vocabulary

Deriving shape properties richiede fluent geometric vocabulary


Using standard units for capacity extends from beginning to measure capacity

Using standard units for capacity estende from beginning to measure capacity


Using standard units for length extends from beginning to measure length

Using standard units for length estende from beginning to measure length


Using standard units for mass extends from beginning to measure mass

Using standard units for mass estende from beginning to measure mass


Norman Conquest triggered major castle-building programme in England


Must have basic castle knowledge before studying castle evolution and architecture

Bisogna aver basic castle knowledge before studying castle evolution and architecture


Count in tenths is prerequisite to extending to hundredths

Count in tenths is prerequisito per extending to hundredths


Describing sound as a longitudinal pressure wave requires the general wave properties framework

Describing sound as a longitudinal pressure wave richiede the general wave properties framework


Sound as a pressure wave extends the understanding that vibrations travel through media

Sound as a pressure wave estende the understanding that vibrations travel through media


Deep sea adaptations extend general adaptation concept to extreme conditions

Deep sea adaptations estende general adaptation concept to extreme conditions


Deep sea life builds on knowing ocean zones, especially the midnight zone

Deep sea life si basa su knowing ocean zones, especially the midnight zone


Deep sea life lives on the ocean floor; terrain knowledge enriches understanding

Deep sea life lives on the ocean floor; terrain knowledge arricchisce understanding


Equivalent fractions understanding supports recognising decimal equivalents of common fractions

Equivalent fractions understanding supporta recognising decimal equivalents of common fractions


General decimal equivalents prerequisite to specific 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 equivalents

General decimal equivalents prerequisito per specific 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 equivalents


Gathering and paraphrasing builds on research projects

Gathering and paraphrasing si basa su research projects


Oral reporting extends giving descriptions and explanations with detail

Oral reporting estende giving descriptions and explanations with detail


Oral reporting connects to recitation and spoken presentation skills

Oral reporting si collega a recitation and spoken presentation skills


Classification benefits from understanding eruptions vary in power

Classification trae vantaggio da understanding eruptions vary in power


Classifying volcanoes requires knowing what a volcano is

Classifying volcanoes richiede knowing what a volcano is


Paraphrasing requires the ability to identify main ideas and summarise; learners must extract key ideas before restating them in own words

Paraphrasing richiede the ability to identify main ideas and summarise; learners must extract key ideas before restating them in own words


Analysing word choice impact requires citing evidence from the text

Analysing word choice impact richiede citing evidence from the text


KS3 figurative language analysis extends KS2 evaluating how authors use figurative language

KS3 figurative language analysis estende KS2 evaluating how authors use figurative language


Deliberately applying commutativity to make addition easier exercises using structure


Using place-value structure (tens and ones) to solve problems efficiently


Age 6-7 using structure deliberately builds on age 5-6 noticing simple patterns and structure

Age 6-7 using structure deliberately si basa su age 5-6 noticing simple patterns and structure


Equivalent fractions require selecting appropriate fraction models

Equivalent fractions richiede selecting appropriate fraction models


Elapsed time problems require choosing between number line and mental methods

Elapsed time problems richiede choosing between number line and mental methods


Age 7-8 strategic tool use is prerequisite to age 8-9 level

Age 7-8 strategic tool use is prerequisito per age 8-9 level


Number line representations exercise moving between diagrams and equations


Age 7-8 quantitative reasoning builds on age 6-7

Age 7-8 quantitative reasoning si basa su age 6-7


Placing fractions on number lines exercises connecting representations


Two-digit × one-digit uses place-value partitioning (e.g. 23 × 4 = 20 × 4 + 3 × 4)


Written multiplication/division requires known table facts

Written multiplication/division richiede known table facts


Writing multiplication/division statements requires fluency with symbols

Writing multiplication/division statements richiede fluency with symbols


Carnivore/herbivore/omnivore classification supports understanding nutrition differences

Carnivore/herbivore/omnivore classification supporta understanding nutrition differences


Must know basic survival needs before learning about nutrition types and food groups

Bisogna conoscere basic survival needs before learning about nutrition types and food groups


Boudicca's revolt is a response to the Roman invasion of Britain


Giving evidence-based reasons for material uses draws on conductor, insulator, and other property vocabulary


Using standard measurement tools extends measuring with non-standard units

Using standard measurement tools estende measuring with non-standard units


Choosing appropriate tools builds on choosing appropriate units

Choosing appropriate tools si basa su choosing appropriate units


Recognising masked feelings builds on expressing own feelings appropriately

Recognising masked feelings si basa su expressing own feelings appropriately


Recognising masked feelings benefits from understanding emotion intensity

Recognising masked feelings trae vantaggio da understanding emotion intensity


Need story elements to extract key details


Synonym and antonym work builds on shades of meaning; learners must distinguish intensity gradations before systematically relating words through synonym/antonym relationships

Synonym and antonym work si basa su shades of meaning; learners must distinguish intensity gradations before systematically relating words through synonym/antonym relationships


Must understand organism needs before modelling needs-habitat relationships

Bisogna capire organism needs before modelling needs-habitat relationships


Knowing about pharaohs requires the term 'pharaoh' and associated vocabulary

Knowing about pharaohs richiede the term 'pharaoh' and associated vocabulary


Word problems require the computational skill of adding/subtracting unlike-denominator fractions

Word problems richiede the computational skill of adding/subtracting unlike-denominator fractions


Extends Y5 fraction word problems to unlike denominators

estende Y5 fraction word problems to unlike denominators


Making 10 is a specific application of decomposing numbers into pairs


Desert adaptations are key examples for understanding adaptation categories


Migration is a behavioural adaptation example


Predator-prey adaptations are formalized in the adaptation framework


Polar adaptations are key examples for understanding adaptation categories


Animal adaptations topic parallels and enriches curriculum adaptation/evolution concept

Animal adaptations topic parallels and arricchisce curriculum adaptation/evolution concept


Adaptations formalizes what camouflage introduced (structural adaptation)


Expanded NPs with preposition phrases build on Y2 expanded NPs with adjectives


Preposition phrases within NPs rely on preposition knowledge


Understanding equivalence conceptually is prerequisite to explaining algebraically

Understanding equivalence conceptually is prerequisito per explaining algebraically


Generating equivalent fractions with visual models is prerequisite to algebraic explanation of equivalence

Generating equivalent fractions with visual models is prerequisito per algebraic explanation of equivalence


Connecting representations to number sentences requires fluency with +, -, = symbols

Connecting representations to number sentences richiede fluency with +, -, = symbols


Inverse relationship understanding requires moving between addition and subtraction representations

Inverse relationship understanding richiede moving between addition and subtraction representations


Age 6-7 quantitative reasoning builds on age 5-6 concrete-to-representation skills

Age 6-7 quantitative reasoning si basa su age 5-6 concrete-to-representation skills


Hazard risk management and community decision-making depends on earthquake-resistant building design


Understanding 1/10 of requires familiarity with thousandths

Understanding 1/10 of richiede familiarity with thousandths


×10 both directions extends Y5 ×10 relationship

×10 both directions estende Y5 ×10 relationship


Must understand data before grasping how recommendation systems track clicks

Bisogna capire data before grasping how recommendation systems track clicks


Pattern recognition concept underpins recommendation algorithms


Describing character/setting/event in depth builds on analysing character traits and motivations; the step up is from trait analysis to comprehensive in-depth description using multiple textual details

Describing character/setting/event in depth si basa su analysing character traits and motivations; the step up is from trait analysis to comprehensive in-depth description using multiple textual details


Completing symmetric figures supports understanding reflection

Completing symmetric figures supporta understanding reflection


Performing reflections and translations on a coordinate grid requires the ability to plot specified points

Performing reflections and translations on a coordinate grid richiede the ability to plot specified points


Describing and representing reflections and translations requires the grid-based transformation diagram

Describing and representing reflections and translations richiede the grid-based transformation diagram


Y4 translations on a grid is prerequisite to formal reflection and translation

Y4 translations on a grid is prerequisito per formal reflection and translation


Must understand fossil formation in sediment before understanding rock layer sequencing

Bisogna capire fossil formation in sediment before understanding rock layer sequencing


Dinosaurs rock strata/relative dating benefits from knowing rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)

Dinosaurs rock strata/relative dating trae vantaggio da knowing rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)


Understanding rock classification (sedimentary/igneous/metamorphic) helps understand strata and relative dating


Understanding geological periods helps contextualise the strata timeline


Must understand irreversible changes before proving mass is conserved in all types of change

Bisogna capire irreversible changes before proving mass is conserved in all types of change


Must understand reversible changes before investigating conservation of mass during changes

Bisogna capire reversible changes before investigating conservation of mass during changes


Particle model supports understanding why mass is conserved (particles aren't destroyed)

Particle model supporta understanding why mass is conserved (particles aren't destroyed)


Inverse relationship builds on understanding subtraction as unknown-addend

Inverse relationship si basa su understanding subtraction as unknown-addend


Comparison with Roman republican government enriches analysis

Comparison with Roman republican government arricchisce analysis


Multiply side lengths for area is prerequisite to applying area formula

Multiply side lengths for area is prerequisito per applying area formula


Y4 perimeter problems are prerequisite to applying perimeter formula

Y4 perimeter problems are prerequisito per applying perimeter formula


Evaluating Mars mission challenges depends on knowing key milestones in human space exploration


Mars/SETI/Fermi paradox analysis depends on understanding the scale of the universe


KS3 chart construction extends KS2 pie charts and line graphs to grouped data

KS3 chart construction estende KS2 pie charts and line graphs to grouped data


Frequency tables extend KS2 table interpretation to grouped numerical data

Frequency tables estende KS2 table interpretation to grouped numerical data


Constructing and interpreting frequency tables and charts draws on frequency and distribution vocabulary


Pie chart construction requires calculating percentages/fractions for angle calculation

Pie chart construction richiede calculating percentages/fractions for angle calculation


Early caring-for-minibeasts attitude provides foundation for conservation action

Early caring-for-minibeasts attitude fornisce fondamento per conservation action


Must understand insects' ecosystem roles to grasp why their decline matters

Bisogna capire insects' ecosystem roles to grasp why their decline matters


Solving mult/div problems requires computational skills

Solving mult/div problems richiede computational skills


Scaling and correspondence problems extend Y2 problem-solving with mult/div

Scaling and correspondence problems estende Y2 problem-solving with mult/div


Must find rectangle areas before decomposing rectilinear figures into rectangles


Progressive forms concept extends from earlier verb knowledge

Progressive forms concept estende from earlier verb knowledge


Sentence concept supports understanding how verbs function in sentences

Sentence concept supporta understanding how verbs function in sentences


Must identify verbs before applying tense


Must compare solutions before planning fair tests to improve prototypes


Comparing first- vs third-person narration builds on understanding character POV and distinguishing own viewpoint from narrator's/characters'

Comparing first- vs third-person narration si basa su understanding character POV and distinguishing own viewpoint from narrator's/characters'


Comparing POV across stories builds on character POV comparison work from Y3-4

Comparing POV across stories si basa su character POV comparison work from Y3-4


Cross-domain: understanding Greek/Roman cultural transmission helps contextualise Islamic Golden Age preservation of classical knowledge


Trade networks connect European towns to broader medieval world


Crusades provide the bridge between European and wider medieval worlds

Crusades fornisce the bridge between European and wider medieval worlds


Diagram-based equivalent fractions is prerequisite to formal equivalence understanding

Diagram-based equivalent fractions is prerequisito per formal equivalence understanding


Must understand unit fractions to reason about equivalence

Bisogna capire unit fractions to reason about equivalence


Equivalent fractions as the same point on a number line directly uses the fraction number-line representation


Greenhouse radiation physics provides the energy imbalance context that drives differential heating and global circulation

Greenhouse radiation physics fornisce the energy imbalance context that drives differential heating and global circulation


Greenhouse radiation physics depends on sun as driver of weather


Constructing Venn diagrams is the representational skill for the set enumeration work in mt_1YwOCMMwD8


Three-digit operations require three-digit place-value understanding

Three-digit operations richiede three-digit place-value understanding


Adding/subtracting within 1000 extends within-100 skills

Adding/subtracting within 1000 estende within-100 skills


Must understand fossils before learning about Mary Anning's fossil discoveries

Bisogna capire fossils before learning about Mary Anning's fossil discoveries


Extends knowing minutes in an hour to seconds in a minute and days in months

estende knowing minutes in an hour to seconds in a minute and days in months


Coral reef bleaching and ocean acidification depends on understanding thermohaline circulation and ocean heat dynamics


Coral reef crisis as a case study in ecosystem collapse connects to broader trophic cascade and food web disruption

Coral reef crisis as a case study in ecosystem collapse si collega a broader trophic cascade and food web disruption


Coral reef collapse and marine biodiversity depends on ocean ecosystem structure


Must know carnivore/herbivore/omnivore to understand food chains

Bisogna conoscere carnivore/herbivore/omnivore to understand food chains


Must know about habitats and interdependence before learning food chains

Bisogna conoscere about habitats and interdependence before learning food chains


Ocean food chain parallels curriculum simple food chain concept


Garden minibeast food chains provide concrete examples for curriculum simple-food-chains

Garden minibeast food chains fornisce concrete examples for curriculum simple-food-chains


Rainforest animals provide rich examples for simple food chains (exploratory age 5 -> curriculum age 6)

Rainforest animals fornisce rich examples for simple food chains (exploratory age 5 -> curriculum age 6)


Unknown-addend requires understanding both addition and subtraction

Unknown-addend richiede understanding both addition and subtraction


Subtraction as unknown-addend reframes subtraction conceptually


Theatre flourished in Athens, the cultural city-state


Theatre was part of festivals honouring Dionysus


Interpreting data exercises representing real-world situations


Representing unknown-number problems with equations exercises modelling at age 6-7


Age 6-7 modelling with bar models/diagrams builds on age 5-6 modelling with objects and pictures

Age 6-7 modelling with bar models/diagrams si basa su age 5-6 modelling with objects and pictures


Generating effective questions requires knowledge of question words (who, what, where, when, why, how)

Generating effective questions richiede knowledge of question words (who, what, where, when, why, how)


Listening and responding needed before asking questions


Related speaking skill supports this topic

Related speaking skill supporta this topic


Must recognise letters before learning their sounds


Must know about midnight sun and polar night before learning WHY they happen (Earth's tilt)

Bisogna conoscere about midnight sun and polar night before learning WHY they happen (Earth's tilt)


Understanding ice types enriches the connection between seasons and sea ice cycles

Understanding ice types arricchisce the connection between seasons and sea ice cycles


Three-digit place-value patterns exercise using structure


Age 7-8 using structure builds on age 6-7

Age 7-8 using structure si basa su age 6-7


Classifying lines by properties exercises structural thinking


Noticing place-value and operational structures in maths is the domain-specific application of the universal pattern-recognition habit


Number line supports seeing equivalent fractions as the same point

Number line supporta seeing equivalent fractions as the same point


Extends equivalence of 2/4 and 1/2 to broader equivalent fractions

estende equivalence of 2/4 and 1/2 to broader equivalent fractions


Recognising and showing equivalent fractions requires that vocabulary

Recognising and showing equivalent fractions richiede that vocabulary


Newton's Third Law is conventionally taught after the first two — students need Newton's 1st and 2nd as reference points to distinguish reaction pairs from balanced forces


Understanding gut microbiome requires first knowing the digestive system structure and function

Understanding gut microbiome richiede first knowing the digestive system structure and function


Roman context needed to understand Roman adoption of Greek culture


Must know Greek gods before learning their Roman equivalents

Bisogna conoscere Greek gods before learning their Roman equivalents


Defining by attributes builds on Y1 categorisation and antonyms

Defining by attributes si basa su Y1 categorisation and antonyms


Must know animal groups before comparing body structures

Bisogna conoscere animal groups before comparing body structures


Sorting shapes requires knowing their 3-D properties

Sorting shapes richiede knowing their 3-D properties


Sorting shapes requires knowing their 2-D properties

Sorting shapes richiede knowing their 2-D properties


Rehearsing sentences orally draws on 'compose', 'sentence', and 'vocabulary' as process vocabulary


Oral rehearsal with dialogue and varied structures builds on basic oral sentence composition

Oral rehearsal with dialogue and varied structures si basa su basic oral sentence composition


Tables to 12×12 fluency is prerequisite to finding factor pairs up to 100

Tables to 12×12 fluency is prerequisito per finding factor pairs up to 100


Recognising factor pairs at Y4 is prerequisite to systematically finding all factor pairs

Recognising factor pairs at Y4 is prerequisito per systematically finding all factor pairs


Comparing plant and animal cells requires knowing the components found in each

Comparing plant and animal cells richiede knowing the components found in each


Water cycle requires understanding cloud formation (condensation)

Water cycle richiede understanding cloud formation (condensation)


Water cycle benefits from knowing where water is found on Earth

Water cycle trae vantaggio da knowing where water is found on Earth


Water cycle benefits from curriculum states of matter (heating/cooling changes state)

Water cycle trae vantaggio da curriculum states of matter (heating/cooling changes state)


Water cycle evaporation relates to temperature (heat drives evaporation)


Full water cycle builds on basic rain/puddle/evaporation concept

Full water cycle si basa su basic rain/puddle/evaporation concept


Seasons/weather patterns parallels curriculum four seasons topic


Analysing known and unknown quantities in complex maths problems draws on the universal metacognitive monitoring habit


Ratio/proportion problems are key Y6 multi-step contexts


Y6 problem-solving extends Y5 multi-step problem analysis

Y6 problem-solving estende Y5 multi-step problem analysis


Multi-step problems draw on four-operation problem-solving


Curriculum coins/notes recognition (Maths Y1) underpins exploratory coin knowledge


Must understand what money is before learning to recognise specific coins and notes

Bisogna capire what money is before learning to recognise specific coins and notes


Describing predictable patterns of sun, moon, and stars requires planet, star, moon, orbit vocabulary

Describing predictable patterns of sun, moon, and stars richiede planet, star, moon, orbit vocabulary


Must observe sun/moon/star patterns before relating daylight to time of year


Atmosphere concept builds on knowing air moves (wind) and has properties

Atmosphere concept si basa su knowing air moves (wind) and has properties


Deformation and fluid pressure involve forces acting on objects — the vector force framework gives the conceptual grounding


Must understand fossils before interpreting what they reveal about past environments

Bisogna capire fossils before interpreting what they reveal about past environments


Context clues support understanding literary language

Context clues supporta understanding literary language


Recognising literary language requires listening comprehension of stories/poetry

Recognising literary language richiede listening comprehension of stories/poetry


Shades of meaning support appreciating literary word choices

Shades of meaning supporta appreciating literary word choices


Must understand decimal notation to round decimals

Bisogna capire decimal notation to round decimals


Classifying and counting objects into categories is an early modelling activity


Solving word problems with drawings exercises early modelling


Two-step A+S problems are prerequisite to multi-step problems with larger numbers

Two-step A+S problems are prerequisito per multi-step problems with larger numbers


Mental methods support choosing appropriate methods in multi-step problems

Mental methods supporta choosing appropriate methods in multi-step problems


Must have fluent written method before applying to multi-step contexts

Bisogna aver fluent written method before applying to multi-step contexts


Related vowel knowledge supports diphthongs

Related vowel knowledge supporta diphthongs


Must know what coins and notes are before learning to look after them

Bisogna conoscere what coins and notes are before learning to look after them


Understanding fraction of total requires simplification/common denominator skills

Understanding fraction of total richiede simplification/common denominator skills


Unequal sharing problems are the canonical use case for tape diagrams — the visual model makes the structure of the problem transparent


Unequal sharing problems require 'ratio', 'unequal', 'part-to-part', and 'proportion' vocabulary

Unequal sharing problems richiede 'ratio', 'unequal', 'part-to-part', and 'proportion' vocabulary


Unequal sharing is ratio reasoning in context


Must understand equivalence before generating equivalent fractions

Bisogna capire equivalence before generating equivalent fractions


Predator hunting strategies demonstrate intelligence


Animal intelligence builds on curriculum coverage of animal senses and brain responses

Animal intelligence si basa su curriculum coverage of animal senses and brain responses


Animal intelligence builds on understanding of communication as complex behaviour

Animal intelligence si basa su understanding of communication as complex behaviour


Cladistic and phylogenetic analysis depends on understanding extinction rates and the current biodiversity crisis


KS3 chromosomes and DNA are the molecular basis for the sequence data used in building phylogenetic trees with molecular clocks


Cladistics and phylogenetics depends on invasive species disrupting native ecosystems


Must understand ice sheets before learning about their mass loss

Bisogna capire ice sheets before learning about their mass loss


General climate change understanding enriches polar-specific climate change topic (Weather 9-11 -> Polar 9-11)

General climate change understanding arricchisce polar-specific climate change topic (Weather 9-11 -> Polar 9-11)


Must understand albedo effect and ocean currents before understanding feedback loops

Bisogna capire albedo effect and ocean currents before understanding feedback loops


Permafrost thawing connects to tundra knowledge

Permafrost thawing si collega a tundra knowledge


Reading/writing numerals 0–20 requires understanding that numerals represent quantities (cardinality)

Reading/writing numerals 0–20 richiede understanding that numerals represent quantities (cardinality)


Writing numerals requires the motor skill of forming digits 0-9 (taught in English handwriting)

Writing numerals richiede the motor skill of forming digits 0-9 (taught in Inglese handwriting)


Must understand print direction before letter identification matters

Bisogna capire print direction before letter identification matters


Pattern recognition helps understand learning AI in games


Must understand algorithms/instructions before grasping rule-based AI in games

Bisogna capire algorithms/instructions before grasping rule-based AI in games


Evaluating language builds on recognising literary language

Evaluating language si basa su recognising literary language


Evaluating figurative language requires understanding similes and metaphors

Evaluating figurative language richiede understanding similes and metaphors


Natural selection explains the diversity of life that classification systems attempt to organise — KS2 broad classification provides context

Natural selection explains the diversity of life that classification systems attempt to organise — KS2 broad classification fornisce context


Natural selection requires heritable variation to act on — understanding the nature of variation is a prerequisite

Natural selection richiede heritable variation to act on — understanding the nature of variation is a prerequisito


KS3 natural selection provides the mechanism that drives both sides of an evolutionary arms race

KS3 natural selection fornisce the mechanism that drives both sides of an evolutionary arms race


Advanced biomechanical analysis depends on understanding what fossil evidence can and cannot preserve


Mutation is the ultimate source of heritable variation — understanding this grounds the mechanism of natural selection


KS3 natural selection underpins kin selection, sexual selection, and behavioural game theory as extensions of the same mechanism


Short division by 2-digit extends Y5 short division by 1-digit

Short division by 2-digit estende Y5 short division by 1-digit


Choosing short vs long division requires knowing both methods

Choosing short vs long division richiede knowing both methods


Ray diagrams formalise the laws of reflection and refraction established in the prerequisite topic

Ray diagrams formalise the laws of reflection and refraction established in the prerequisito topic


Ray diagrams for prisms and lenses connect to colour and dispersion concepts


Independent research extends shared research and writing projects

Independent research estende shared research and writing projects


Research projects require 'evidence', 'argument', 'perspective', and 'purpose' vocabulary

Research projects richiede 'evidence', 'argument', 'perspective', and 'purpose' vocabulary


Cross-subject: independent research projects may involve collecting and presenting data using charts and graphs


Note-taking for research benefits from summarising and recording skills

Note-taking for research trae vantaggio da summarising and recording skills


Taking turns and sharing cooperatively requires vocabulary like 'cooperate', 'take turns', and 'include'

Taking turns and sharing cooperatively richiede vocabulary like 'cooperate', 'take turns', and 'include'


Expanding brackets produces terms that then need collecting


Analysing two patterns extends Y5 single-pattern generation

Analysing two patterns estende Y5 single-pattern generation


Relationships between corresponding terms connect to proportional reasoning


Graphing numerical patterns on a coordinate plane requires coordinate grid plotting

Graphing numerical patterns on a coordinate plane richiede coordinate grid plotting


Must be able to encode base words before applying suffix rules

Bisogna riuscire a encode base words before applying suffix rules


Suffix spelling rules (doubling final consonants, dropping -e) require knowing 'suffix', 'root word', 'vowel', and 'consonant'

Suffix spelling rules (doubling final consonants, dropping -e) richiede knowing 'suffix', 'root word', 'vowel', and 'consonant'


Y2 suffix rules build on Y1 basic suffix spelling


Mentally finding 10 more/less uses generalised repeated reasoning about place value


Deriving facts within 20 from known facts (near doubles, make ten) exercises generalising from patterns


Age 6-7 generalising from repeated reasoning builds on age 5-6 noticing repeated patterns

Age 6-7 generalising from repeated reasoning si basa su age 5-6 noticing repeated patterns


Understanding polar food chains enriches the Southern Ocean productivity concept

Understanding polar food chains arricchisce the Southern Ocean productivity concept


Knowing the five oceans including Arctic enriches polar oceans topic (Ocean 7-9 -> Polar 9-11)

Knowing the five oceans including Arctic arricchisce polar oceans topic (Ocean 7-9 -> Polar 9-11)


Ocean & climate understanding enriches polar ocean currents topic (Ocean 9-11 -> Polar 9-11)

Ocean & climate understanding arricchisce polar ocean currents topic (Ocean 9-11 -> Polar 9-11)


Must understand ice and sea ice before learning about albedo and ocean currents

Bisogna capire ice and sea ice before learning about albedo and ocean currents


Must round to any place before using rounding to check large-number calculations


Estimating and inverse checking at Y4 is prerequisite to rounding-based checking with levels of accuracy

Estimating and inverse checking at Y4 is prerequisito per rounding-based checking with levels of accuracy


Understanding quarters extends from understanding halves — both are equal parts but quarters requires dividing into 4

Understanding quarters estende from understanding halves — both are equal parts but quarters richiede dividing into 4


Knowing body parts and senses supports understanding skeleton protects organs

Knowing body parts and senses supporta understanding skeleton protects organs


Must compare animal body structures before learning about skeleton/muscle system specifically


Enrichment knowledge of skeleton and muscles supports formal curriculum study of skeletons for support, protection, movement

Enrichment knowledge of skeleton and muscles supporta formal curriculum study of skeletons for supporta, protection, movement


Interpreting maps of Earth surface features is enriched by understanding cross-section views of geological strata and layers


Interpreting patterns of Earth's geological features requires rock type and erosion vocabulary

Interpreting patterns of Earth's geological features richiede rock type and erosion vocabulary


Must model landforms and water bodies before analysing map patterns of Earth's features


Understanding weathering/erosion helps explain patterns in Earth's features


Explaining how a single cell carries out all life functions requires knowing organelle roles

Explaining how a single cell carries out all life functions richiede knowing organelle roles


Understanding unicellular organisms requires the concept of cells as fundamental units

Understanding unicellular organisms richiede the concept of cells as fundamental units


×10 relationship supports understanding of larger numbers

×10 relationship supporta understanding of larger numbers


Passive voice requires understanding of verb tenses

Passive voice richiede understanding of verb tenses


Passive voice requires understanding of subject-verb agreement

Passive voice richiede understanding of subject-verb agreement


Understanding Earth's tilt and seasons enriches climate zone understanding

Understanding Earth's tilt and seasons arricchisce climate zone understanding


World weather patterns help understand polar climate zone (Weather 7-9 -> Polar 9-11)


Climate zones context enriches polar climate zone topic (Weather 9-11 -> Polar 9-11)

Climate zones context arricchisce polar climate zone topic (Weather 9-11 -> Polar 9-11)


Must understand polar geography before learning about climate zone classification

Bisogna capire polar geography before learning about climate zone classification


Connecting division to multiplication requires understanding products

Connecting division to multiplication richiede understanding products


Seeing division as unknown-factor requires understanding division first

Seeing division as unknown-factor richiede understanding division first


Sample spaces for combined events require systematic enumeration skills

Sample spaces for combined events richiede systematic enumeration skills


Calculating probabilities for combined events often requires multiplying fractions

Calculating probabilities for combined events often richiede multiplying fractions


Theoretical probability builds on experience with experimental probability

Theoretical probability si basa su experience with experimental probability


Within GB sequence, testing advanced properties supports justifying material choices; US teaches material uses earlier without this prerequisite

Within GB sequence, testing advanced properties supporta justifying material choices; US teaches material uses earlier without this prerequisito


Grouping materials by hardness, solubility, transparency, conductivity, and magnetic response requires all these property terms

Grouping materials by hardness, solubility, transparency, conductivity, and magnetic response richiede all these property terms


Must understand material suitability before testing advanced properties like conductivity and solubility

Bisogna capire material suitability before testing advanced properties like conductivity and solubility


Understanding states of matter supports testing properties like solubility

Understanding states of matter supporta testing properties like solubility


Neuroscience of adolescent emotion (particularly the stress response) provides the biological basis for the stress and coping topic in a neighbouring SEL domain

Neuroscience of adolescent emotion (particularly the stress response) fornisce the biological basis for the stress and coping topic in a neighbouring SEL domain


Advanced emotional literacy depends on earlier emotional awareness skills


Advanced emotional literacy depends on earlier foundational emotional skills


Must know stem function before investigating water transport through stems

Bisogna conoscere stem function before investigating water transport through stems


Algebraic vocabulary requires fluency with algebraic notation first

Algebraic vocabulary richiede fluency with algebraic notation first


Understanding feelings change benefits from naming basic emotions

Understanding feelings change trae vantaggio da naming basic emotions


Identifying evidence in rock formations and fossil layers requires sediment, strata, and fossil vocabulary

Identifying evidence in rock formations and fossil layers richiede sediment, strata, and fossil vocabulary


Must understand fossil formation before interpreting fossil patterns in rock layers

Bisogna capire fossil formation before interpreting fossil patterns in rock layers


Must understand fast vs slow Earth changes before analysing rock layer evidence

Bisogna capire fast vs slow Earth changes before analysing rock layer evidence


Fluency with addition within 5 requires understanding addition as combining

Fluency with addition within 5 richiede understanding addition as combining


Fluency with subtraction within 5 requires understanding subtraction as taking away

Fluency with subtraction within 5 richiede understanding subtraction as taking away


Line plot with whole numbers is prerequisite to line plots with fractional units

Line plot with whole numbers is prerequisito per line plots with fractional units


Understanding fractions supports measuring to nearest half/quarter inch

Understanding fractions supporta measuring to nearest half/quarter inch


Understanding how the eye works builds on knowing sight is one of the five senses

Understanding how the eye works si basa su knowing sight is one of the five senses


Eye sends signals to brain via optic nerve; knowing brain receives sense messages helps


Adding within 100 extends within-20 strategies to larger numbers

Adding within 100 estende within-20 strategies to larger numbers


Adding within 100 using PV requires understanding tens and ones

Adding within 100 using PV richiede understanding tens and ones


Comparing and contrasting characters or texts draws on the universal habit of connecting new ideas to existing knowledge


Informational text knowledge supports comparison

Informational text knowledge supporta comparison


Comparing characters' adventures and reactions in stories is enriched by the foundational SEL understanding that the same event can make different people feel differently


Identifying patterns and similarities across texts is the reading form of the universal pattern-recognition habit


Must understand light illuminates objects before learning about reflection

Bisogna capire light illuminates objects before learning about reflection


Noticing that light is reflected from surfaces requires 'reflect' vocabulary

Noticing that light is reflected from surfaces richiede 'reflect' vocabulary


Weather vs climate parallels curriculum distinguishing weather from climate


Must understand seasonal weather patterns before distinguishing weather from climate across regions

Bisogna capire seasonal weather patterns before distinguishing weather from climate across regions


Distinguishing weather from climate and describing regional climates draws on water cycle vocabulary


Understanding 4-chamber heart requires knowing organs work within organ systems

Understanding 4-chamber heart richiede knowing organs work within organ systems


Detailed circulatory system builds on knowing the heart pumps blood through blood vessels

Detailed circulatory system si basa su knowing the heart pumps blood through blood vessels


Assessing whether evidence is sufficient requires textual evidence skills

Assessing whether evidence is sufficient richiede textual evidence skills


Evaluating claims requires understanding purpose, audience, and context

Evaluating claims richiede understanding purpose, audience, and context


Evaluating arguments builds on KS2 distinguishing fact from opinion

Evaluating arguments si basa su KS2 distinguishing fact from opinion


Four operations with all number types builds on adding/subtracting fractions with unlike denominators

Four operations with all number types si basa su adding/subtracting fractions with unlike denominators


Four operations with all number types builds on multiplying fractions

Four operations with all number types si basa su multiplying fractions


Four operations with all number types builds on dividing unit fractions

Four operations with all number types si basa su dividing unit fractions


Observing and describing seasonal changes requires basic date and time vocabulary (months, seasons, year)

Observing and describing seasonal changes richiede basic date and time vocabulary (months, seasons, year)


Record-holders builds on knowing animal diversity across the world

Record-holders si basa su knowing animal diversity across the world


Percentage problems exercise multi-step reasoning


Multi-step word problems exercise problem sense-making at age 9-10


Planning multi-step mathematical strategies and evaluating them is the maths-specific form of the universal strategy-evaluation habit


Age 8-9 problem sense-making is prerequisite to age 9-10 level

Age 8-9 problem sense-making is prerequisito per age 9-10 level


Must understand objects vs materials before reasoning about reassembling pieces

Bisogna capire objects vs materials before reasoning about reassembling pieces


Poetry performance requires expressive reading/prosody skills

Poetry performance richiede expressive reading/prosody skills


Poetry writing Y2 provides foundation for recognising poetry forms

Poetry writing Y2 fornisce fondamento per recognising poetry forms


Using arrays for division requires understanding division as grouping

Using arrays for division richiede understanding division as grouping


Using arrays requires understanding what multiplication means

Using arrays richiede understanding what multiplication means


Understanding life cycles supports understanding how species change across generations

Understanding life cycles supporta understanding how species change across generations


Must analyse fossil evidence before drawing the broader conclusion that life has changed over time


Recognising that living things have changed over time and fossils provide evidence requires evolution and fossil record vocabulary

Recognising that living things have changed over time and fossils fornisce evidence richiede evolution and fossil record vocabulary


Extends array-based repeated addition to formal multiplication interpretation

estende array-based repeated addition to formal multiplication interpretation


Interpreting products formalises repeated addition/equal groups from Y1


Systematic enumeration connects to multiplicative reasoning (product of options)

Systematic enumeration si collega a multiplicative reasoning (product of options)


Must know what insects are before studying how some live in colonies

Bisogna conoscere what insects are before studying how some live in colonies


Noticing the decoding/understanding gap is the English-specific form of the universal comprehension-monitoring habit

Noticing the decoding/understanding gap is the Inglese-specific form of the universal comprehension-monitoring habit


Noticing the gap between decoding and understanding requires first having the foundational idea that reading means making meaning

Noticing the gap between decoding and understanding richiede first having the foundational idea that reading means making meaning


Plate tectonics framework is prerequisite for understanding why seismic waves reveal Earth structure at boundaries

Plate tectonics framework is prerequisito for understanding why seismic waves reveal Earth structure at boundaries


Advanced plate tectonics depends on famous eruptions and Pangaea context


Area with fractional sides applies fraction multiplication


Must know area = l × w before extending to fractional side lengths

Bisogna conoscere area = l × w before extending to fractional side lengths


Tables fluency to 12×12 is prerequisite to recognising square numbers

Tables fluency to 12×12 is prerequisito per recognising square numbers


Must see tiling→multiplication connection before computing area via side lengths


Listening comprehension supports text type awareness

Listening comprehension supporta text type awareness


Understanding quadratic graphs requires prior experience plotting linear graphs

Understanding quadratic graphs richiede prior experience plotting linear graphs


Explaining how central message is conveyed extends identifying the central message

Explaining how central message is conveyed estende identifying the central message


Understanding themes across genres supports explaining central messages in fables/myths

Understanding themes across genres supporta explaining central messages in fables/myths


Identifying right angles and greater/less than right angle is prerequisite to naming acute/obtuse

Identifying right angles and greater/less than right angle is prerequisito per naming acute/obtuse


Ratio reasoning connects to fraction multiplication

Ratio reasoning si collega a fraction multiplication


Solving relative-sizes problems is most reliably scaffolded by drawing a bar model to set up the relationship


Solving relative sizes problems requires 'ratio', 'proportion', and 'relative size' as understood terms

Solving relative sizes problems richiede 'ratio', 'proportion', and 'relative size' as understood terms


Ratio reasoning builds on multiplicative comparison from Y5

Ratio reasoning si basa su multiplicative comparison from Y5


Greek gods build on prior understanding that ancient civilisations believed in many gods (Egyptian polytheism)


Knowing where Greece is grounds understanding of Greek gods


Formal vocabulary builds on recognising formal/informal register

Formal vocabulary si basa su recognising formal/informal register


Ohm's Law relates voltage (V), current (I) and resistance (R) — requires prior understanding of what each quantity means

Ohm's Law relates voltage (V), current (I) and resistance (R) — richiede prior understanding of what each quantity means


Must understand the Empire before understanding its fall

Bisogna capire the Empire before understanding its fall


Y4 bar charts and time graphs are prerequisite to line graph problem-solving

Y4 bar charts and time graphs are prerequisito per line graph problem-solving


Master lowercase formation before capitals


Counting a set helps when comparing groups, but younger children (GB age 4) can compare using matching without formal counting to 20


Noticing own patterns requires vocabulary of 'pattern', 'trigger', and 'reflect'

Noticing own patterns richiede vocabulary of 'pattern', 'trigger', and 'reflect'


Noticing patterns in your reactions requires first understanding that feelings and responses are separable — you can only track a pattern once you're aware of the gap between feeling and action

Noticing patterns in your reactions richiede first understanding that feelings and responses are separable — you can only track a pattern once you're aware of the gap between feeling and action


Noticing recurring patterns in your own reactions is the PSD form of the universal pattern-recognition habit


Rainforest has rich symbiotic examples (e.g., epiphytes, ant-acacia)


Symbiosis requires understanding of adaptations as context

Symbiosis richiede understanding of adaptations as context


Many symbiosis examples involve insects (pollinators, parasites)


Knowledge of Mars rovers contextualises current exploration programmes


Must know about astronauts and Moon landings before learning detailed space exploration history

Bisogna conoscere about astronauts and Moon landings before learning detailed space exploration history


Must understand complete loops before understanding how switches open/close them

Bisogna capire complete loops before understanding how switches open/close them


Reflecting on yourself as a language user includes awareness of your vocabulary range and gaps across different registers and contexts


Reflecting on yourself as a language user across contexts requires first having evaluated your writing in specific contexts — the general self-awareness builds from specific evaluations

Reflecting on yourself as a language user across contexts richiede first having evaluated your writing in specific contexts — the general self-awareness builds from specific evaluations


Reflecting on yourself as a language user is the English-domain form of the universal learning-reflection habit

Reflecting on yourself as a language user is the Inglese-domain form of the universal learning-reflection habit


Understanding what makes a good friend draws on cooperation and inclusion vocabulary


Understanding layers helps compare tropical and temperate forest structure


Understanding climate zones helps contrast tropical vs temperate rainforests (Weather 9-11 -> Rainforests 9-11)

Understanding climate zones helps contrast tropical vs temperate rainforests (Weather 9-11 -> Foreste pluviali 9-11)


Must understand tropical climate before contrasting with temperate rainforests

Bisogna capire tropical climate before contrasting with temperate rainforests


Generalising a rule requires first being able to spot the recurring pattern that the rule captures

Generalising a rule richiede first being able to spot the recurring pattern that the rule captures


Linear sequences with negative/decimal steps extends Y5 pattern generation

Linear sequences with negative/decimal steps estende Y5 pattern generation


Sequences crossing zero require negative number understanding

Sequences crossing zero richiede negative number understanding


Powers and roots require understanding of order of operations notation

Powers and roots richiede understanding of order of operations notation


KS3 terminology extends KS2 Year 6 grammar terminology

KS3 terminology estende KS2 Year 6 grammar terminology


Using terminology precisely requires understanding the grammatical concepts behind the terms

Using terminology precisely richiede understanding the grammatical concepts behind the terms


Plural possessive requires understanding of irregular plural forms

Plural possessive richiede understanding of irregular plural forms


Plural possessive apostrophe builds on singular possessive apostrophe

Plural possessive apostrophe si basa su singular possessive apostrophe


Drawing shapes with given angles requires protractor skills from Y5

Drawing shapes with given angles richiede protractor skills from Y5


Drawing regular/irregular polygons benefits from property knowledge

Drawing regular/irregular polygons trae vantaggio da property knowledge


Understanding prejudice builds on recognising stereotypes

Understanding prejudice si basa su recognising stereotypes


Discussing prejudice and discrimination requires precise vocabulary to distinguish individual bias from systemic discrimination

Discussing prejudice and discrimination richiede precise vocabulary to distinguish individual bias from systemic discrimination


Standing against discrimination benefits from upstander skills

Standing against discrimination trae vantaggio da upstander skills


Fluency within 1000 builds on strategy-based adding/subtracting within 1000

Fluency within 1000 si basa su strategy-based adding/subtracting within 1000


Fluency requires prior experience with columnar methods for three digits

Fluency richiede prior experience with columnar methods for three digits


Times tables for 2, 5, 10 build on skip counting in 2s, 5s, 10s


Recalling times table facts requires understanding multiplication as repeated addition/grouping

Recalling times table facts richiede understanding multiplication as repeated addition/grouping


Must ask questions about problems before modelling design solutions


FDP equivalences are key Y6 structural connections


Y6 structural reasoning extends Y5 structure use

Y6 structural reasoning estende Y5 structure use


Shape hierarchy exploits structural relationships


Using algebraic and shape structure to solve problems is the advanced maths form of the universal pattern-recognition habit


Must multiply fraction by whole number before solving word problems


Must understand deforestation before learning how it releases stored carbon

Bisogna capire deforestation before learning how it releases stored carbon


Understanding climate change basics enriches the rainforests-and-climate topic (Weather 9-11 -> Rainforests 9-11)

Understanding climate change basics arricchisce the rainforests-and-climate topic (Weather 9-11 -> Foreste pluviali 9-11)


Must understand the rainforest water cycle before grasping how deforestation disrupts it

Bisogna capire the rainforest water cycle before grasping how deforestation disrupts it


Understanding global weather differences requires knowing seasons


Comparing world weather requires weather vocabulary

Comparing world weather requires weather Vocabolario


Extended cohesive devices builds on cohesion within paragraphs


Extended cohesive devices builds on basic paragraph linking


Subtracting multiples of 10 requires understanding decade numbers as tens


Subtracting multiples of 10 requires understanding subtraction


Literary language recognition provides context for understanding how similes and metaphors function within texts


Identifying similes and metaphors requires the ability to distinguish literal from figurative language


Factor pairs as structural tool for simplifying multiplication


Age 8-9 using structure is prerequisite to age 9-10 level


Angle facts (360°, 180°) are structural tools for finding unknowns


Exploiting relationships between fractions, decimals and percentages requires pattern recognition across representations

Exploiting relationships between Frazioni, decimals and percentages requires pattern recognition across representations


Exponent notation for powers of 10 builds on ×10 relationship


Patterns in zeros when ×÷ by powers of 10 builds on fluent ×÷ by 10/100/1000


Odd/even requires counting by 2s (skip counting)


Writing even numbers as sum of two equal addends uses addition concept


Same-denominator comparison experience is prerequisite to same-numerator comparison


Must understand unit fraction size reasoning for same-numerator comparison


Telling time to 5 minutes extends from telling time to the hour and half past


Reading 5-minute intervals benefits from skip counting in 5s


Time management builds on breaking tasks into steps


Must understand recommendation systems before grasping broader data collection and privacy


Must understand data before learning about personal data collection


Cross-domain: scams & online safety (Money & Finance) provides real-world privacy threat context

Cross-domain: scams & online safety (Denaro e finanza) provides real-world privacy threat context


Informative/explanatory writing requires 'form', 'structure', 'coherence', and 'evidence' vocabulary

Informative/explanatory writing requires 'form', 'structure', 'coherence', and 'evidence' Vocabolario


Structured informative writing with facts/definitions builds on simple informative writing


Needs vs wants thinking extends to ethical consumer choices


Must understand buying before considering where products come from and who made them


Parallel line angles build on basic angle properties at points and lines


Analysing plot and character development requires ability to cite textual evidence


Character analysis builds on KS2 inferring feelings, thoughts, and motives