Understanding how text structure conveys information builds on prior work identifying connections between ideas in informational text

Understanding how testi structure conveys information Si basa su prior work identifying connections between ideas in informational testi.


Understanding addition as combining groups requires knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality)

Understanding addition as combining groups Richiede knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality).


Re-reading own writing to check it makes sense is the writing-domain form of the universal self-checking habit.


Noticing when your own writing doesn't make sense requires the universal comprehension-monitoring habit applied to one's own text

Noticing when your own writing doesn't make sense Richiede the universal comprehension-monitoring habit applied to one's own testi.


Re-reading and responding to feedback is more effective when pupils know terms like 'revise', 'edit', and 'meaning'

Re-reading and responding to feedback is more effective when pupils know termini like 'rivedere', 'edit', and 'meaning'.


Re-reading your own writing to check it makes sense and has the intended effect is the practical application of the writing self-evaluation habit

Re-reading your own writing to check it makes sense and has the intended effetti is the pratico applicazioni of the writing self-evaluation habit.


Camouflage study motivates deeper look at structures that enable survival.


Must know basic insect body plan before studying detailed anatomy

Bisogna conoscere basic insect body plan prima di studying detailed anatomy.


Estimating lengths requires experience with standard units from measuring

Estimating lengths Richiede experience with standard units from measuring.


Daily life context benefits from knowing Egypt is on the Nile in a desert

Daily life contesto Beneficia da knowing Egypt is on the Nile in a desert.


Morphological awareness supports word family exploration

Morphological awareness Sostiene parole family exploration.


Word families build on Y2 root words and inflections

parole families Si basa su anno 2 root parole and inflections.


Comparing mass/weight requires first identifying mass as a measurable attribute

Comparing mass/weight Richiede first identifying mass as a measurable attribute.


Converting word class via suffixes (-ate, -ise, -ify) requires secure suffix knowledge from the Y3-4 suffix programme

Converting parole class via suffixes (-ate, -ise, -ify) Richiede conoscenza di secure suffix from the anno 3-4 suffix programme.


Converting nouns and adjectives into verbs requires confident understanding of what nouns and verbs are as word classes

Converting nouns and adjectives into verbs Richiede confident understanding of what nouns and verbs are as parole classes.


Must know computers exist before understanding they follow exact instructions

Bisogna conoscere computers exist prima di understanding they follow exact instructions.


Must understand light sources illuminate objects before testing how materials interact with light

Bisogna capire light fonte illuminate objects before testing how materials interact with light.


Material properties knowledge (transparent/opaque) supports light investigation

Material properties conoscenza (transparent/opaque) Sostiene light investigation.


Investigating transparent, translucent, and opaque materials requires those three terms

Investigating transparent, translucent, and opaque materials Richiede those three termini.


Must know metric units before approximating imperial equivalences

Bisogna conoscere metric units prima di approximating imperial equivalences.


Advanced emotion regulation skills depends on earlier self-regulation concepts

Advanced emotion regulation abilità Dipende da earlier self-regulation concepts.


Advanced emotion regulation depends on foundational advanced emotional literacy skills

Advanced emotion regulation Dipende da foundational advanced emotivo capacità di lettura e scrittura abilità.


Advanced emotion regulation depends on earlier coping strategies

Advanced emotion regulation Dipende da earlier coping strategie.


Representing numbers with objects/pictures/number line requires understanding that numbers represent quantities

Representing numbers with objects/pictures/number line Richiede understanding that numbers represent quantities.


Must know sound travels through media before understanding it fades with distance

deve sapere che il suono viaggia attraverso media prima di capire it si attenua with distanza


The growth mindset concept requires understanding the vocabulary pair 'growth mindset' vs 'fixed mindset'

The mentalità di crescita concetto richiede comprensione the Vocabolario pair 'mentalità di crescita' vs 'mentalità fissa'


Growth mindset builds on understanding mistakes as learning opportunities

mentalità di crescita si basa su comprensione errori as opportunità di apprendimento


Growth mindset understanding (SEL) is grounded in the concrete experience of persevering through mathematical problems — the abstract principle is made real through mathematics

mentalità di crescita comprensione (SEL) is radicato nell'esperienza concreta of perseverare attraverso problemi matematici — the astratto principle is made real attraverso Matematica


Using £ and p symbols extends Y1 recognition of coin values

Using £ e p symbols estende Y1 recognition of valori delle monete


Pharaoh as god-king builds on knowing named gods and their roles

Pharaoh as dio-re si basa su knowing named dei e their roles


God-king and Ma'at builds on social pyramid hierarchy

dio-re e Ma'at si basa su piramide sociale gerarchia


Asking for help benefits from curriculum questioning skills

Asking for aiuta trae vantaggio da curricolo abilità di interrogazione


Asking for help and working with others uses the vocabulary of team and cooperation

Asking for aiuta e working with others uses the Vocabolario of squadra e cooperazione


Asking for help benefits from knowing how to communicate with others

Asking for aiuta trae vantaggio da knowing how to communicate with others


Explaining text structure builds on structural terminology

Explaining struttura del testo si basa su terminologia strutturale


Representing addition with objects/drawings requires understanding what addition means

Representing addizione with oggetti/disegni richiede comprensione what addizione means


Representing subtraction with objects/drawings requires understanding what subtraction means

Representing sottrazione with oggetti/disegni richiede comprensione what sottrazione means


Volume-vibration strength pattern supports understanding amplitude

Volume-vibration strength pattern sostiene comprensione ampiezza


Developing a wave model using amplitude and wavelength requires this technical vocabulary

Developing a modello d'onda using ampiezza e lunghezza d'onda richiede this technical Vocabolario


Must understand sound travels through media before modelling wave properties

deve capire che il suono viaggia attraverso media prima di modelling wave properties


Hero myths reference the gods (Heracles is Zeus's son, Athena helps Perseus)

miti eroici reference the dei (Heracles is Zeus's son, Athena aiuta Perseus)


Cross-domain: budgeting pocket money (Money & Finance) provides planning foundation

trasversale: budgeting pocket money (Denaro e finanza) fornisce pianificazione foundation


Must have a business idea before making a plan for it

deve avere a idea di business prima di making a piano for it


The law of reflection is described and verified using ray diagrams for reflection

The legge della riflessione is described e verified using diagrammi di raggi for riflessione


Earlier work on light reflecting from surfaces provides the experiential grounding for formal reflection laws

Earlier work on luce che si riflette from superfici fornisce the experiential grounding for formal riflessione laws


Reflection and refraction build directly on understanding that light travels in straight lines and casts shadows

riflessione e rifrazione build directly on comprensione that light viaggia in linee rette e casts ombre


Applying the law of reflection and refraction requires both 'angle of incidence/reflection' and 'refraction' vocabulary

Applying the legge della riflessione e rifrazione richiede both 'angolo di incidenza/riflessione' e 'rifrazione' Vocabolario


Evaluating and editing for consistency requires vocabulary of 'coherence', 'cohesion', 'register', and 'style'

Evaluating e modifica for consistency richiede Vocabolario of 'coerenza', 'coesione', 'registro', e 'stile'


Evaluating and editing writing with teacher/peer support is enriched when the child can already independently notice where meaning is unclear — the self-critical reading skill makes the evaluation process more productive

Evaluating e modifica scrittura with teacher/peer sostiene is enriched when the child can already independently notice where significato is poco chiaro — the self-critical lettura abilità rende the valutazione process more productive


Evaluating writing effectiveness and proposing changes builds on basic proofreading and revision

Evaluating scrittura effectiveness e proposing cambiamenti si basa su basic correzione di bozze e revisione


Castle architecture provides comparison to cathedral architecture

castello architettura fornisce comparison to cattedrale architettura


Must understand the Church's role to appreciate that medieval art and architecture were primarily religious

deve capire che il the Chiesa's role to appreciate that medieval arte e architettura were primarily religioso


Cross-domain: Roman architecture (arches, domes) provides contrast with Gothic architecture (pointed arches, flying buttresses)

trasversale: Romano architettura (archi, cupole) fornisce contrast with Gotico architettura (archi appuntiti, contrafforti volanti)


Curriculum daylight/seasons observation supports exploratory Sun/Moon/stars identification

curricolo luce del giorno/stagioni osservazione sostiene esplorativo Sole/Luna/stelle identification


Place-value knowledge supports mental strategies like 40 × 6

valore posizionale conoscenza sostiene strategie mentali like 40 × 6


Mental multiplication requires known table facts

Mental moltiplicazione richiede known tabelline


Must be able to encode CVC words before learning alternative spellings

deve saper encode parole CVC prima di imparare grafie alternative


Alternative grapheme choices for phonemes requires knowing 'grapheme', 'phoneme', 'homophone', and 'GPC'

Alternative grafema choices for phonemes richiede knowing 'grafema', 'fonema', 'omofono', e 'GPC'


Must know basic letter-sound correspondences before alternative spellings

deve sapere che il basic corrispondenze lettera-suono prima di grafie alternative


Knowledge of alternative GPCs for reading supports choosing correct spellings

conoscenza of alternative GPCs for lettura sostiene choosing correct spellings


Oral description supports oral rehearsal


Need to understand sentences for oral rehearsal

Need to understand frasi for prova orale


Oral composition requires vocabulary like 'compose', 'sentence', and 'sequence' to participate meaningfully in the exercise

composizione orale richiede Vocabolario like 'comporre', 'sentence', e 'sequenza' to participate meaningfully in the esercizio


Comparing fractions requires ability to find common denominators via simplification

Comparing Frazioni richiede ability to find denominatori comuni via semplificazione


Comparing fractions >1 extends Y5 fraction comparison

Comparing Frazioni >1 estende Y5 fraction comparison


Describing and measuring changes of state requires solid/liquid/gas vocabulary and the term 'change of state'

Describing e measuring cambiamenti of state richiede solido/liquido/gas Vocabolario e the termine 'cambio di stato'


Observing and describing change of state requires reading particle diagrams showing how arrangement changes on heating or cooling

Observing e describing cambio di stato richiede lettura diagrammi di particelle showing how disposizione cambiamenti on riscaldamento or raffreddamento


Earthquake safety benefits from knowing what an earthquake is

terremoto sicurezza trae vantaggio da knowing what an terremoto is


Y4 M×D problem-solving is prerequisite to multi-step four-operation problems

Y4 M×D risoluzione dei problemi is prerequisito to multi-step quattro operazioni problems


Must have formal division method before solving multi-step problems

deve avere formal metodo di divisione prima di solving multi-step problems


Must have formal multiplication method before solving multi-step problems

deve avere moltiplicazione formale method prima di solving multi-step problems


Calculating percentages requires fraction-decimal-percentage equivalence

Calculating percentuali richiede fraction-decimal-percentuale equivalence


Percentage-of-amount problems can be set up as bar models showing 100% divided into parts

percentuale-of-amount problems can be set up as modelli a barre showing 100% divided into parts


Calculating percentages of amounts requires 'percentage', 'proportion', and 'out of' vocabulary

Calculating percentuali of amounts richiede 'percentuale', 'proporzione', e 'out of' Vocabolario


Finding percentages often involves decimal multiplication

Finding percentuali often involves moltiplicazione decimale


Having a plan makes it easier to divide work among a team

Having a piano rende it easier to divide work among a squadra


Must understand habitats before identifying specific organisms in habitats and microhabitats

deve capire che il habitat prima di identifying specific organismi in habitat e microhabitat


Naming plants and animals in habitats and microhabitats requires those terms

Naming piante e animali in habitat e microhabitat richiede those termini


Rock pools are a microhabitat; benefits from curriculum naming plants/animals in habitats

pozze rocciose are a microhabitat; trae vantaggio da curricolo naming piante/animali in habitat


Knowing rainforest animals enriches identifying plants and animals in habitats (exploratory age 5 -> curriculum age 6)

Knowing foresta pluviale animali arricchisce identifying piante e animali in habitat (esplorativo età 5 -> curricolo età 6)


Understanding where minibeasts live enriches curriculum plants-and-animals-in-habitats

comprensione where piccole creature live arricchisce curricolo piante-e-animali-in-habitat


The Amazon as a specific example grounds the abstract concept of biodiversity hotspots

The Amazon as a specific example grounds the astratto concetto of zone di biodiversità


Understanding classification helps appreciate the scale of biodiversity

comprensione classificazione aiuta appreciate the scale of biodiversità


The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus works extensively with unit fractions; prior knowledge of unit fractions makes its mathematical significance tangible

The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus works extensively with frazioni unitarie; precedente conoscenza of frazioni unitarie rende its mathematical significance tangible


Advanced Egyptian state organisation and labour administration depends on pyramid building and engineering knowledge

Advanced organizzazione dello stato egiziano e amministrazione del lavoro dipende da costruzione di piramidi e ingegneria conoscenza


Counting on as an addition strategy requires understanding addition

contare avanti as an strategia di addizione richiede comprensione addizione


Counting on/back relies on understanding that each successive number is one more/less

contare avanti/back si basa su comprensione that each numero successivo is one more/less


Counting back as a subtraction strategy requires understanding subtraction

contare indietro as a strategia di sottrazione richiede comprensione sottrazione


Must take measurements before increasing accuracy/precision with repeat readings

deve prendere misurazioni prima di increasing precisione/precision with letture ripetute


Extending place value to any size builds directly on Y6 reading/writing/ordering numbers to 10,000,000

estendendo place value to any size builds directly on Y6 lettura/scrittura/ordinamento dei numeri to 10,000,000


Castle knowledge provides contrast with village life

castello conoscenza fornisce contrast with vita nel villaggio


Placing ancient Egypt on a chronological timeline requires vocabulary for dates and time periods (BCE/CE, era, century)

Placing Antico Egitto on a cronologia richiede Vocabolario for date e periodi di tempo (BCE/CE, era, secolo)


Placing ancient Egypt in chronological context requires timeline reading and construction skills

Placing Antico Egitto in chronological context richiede cronologia lettura e construction abilità


3000-year timeline builds on knowing pharaohs like Tutankhamun as anchors

3000-year cronologia si basa su knowing faraoni like Tutankhamun as anchors


Understanding life stages builds on knowing the body needs food, water, sleep and exercise to grow

comprensione life stages si basa su knowing the esigenze del corpo cibo, acqua, sonno e esercizio to crescere


Exploratory human development complements curriculum human life stages topic (GB Y5)

esplorativo sviluppo umano completa curricolo fasi della vita umana topic (GB Y5)


Understanding puberty changes connects to knowing about food groups and balanced diet for growth

comprensione pubertà cambiamenti connects to knowing about gruppi alimentari e dieta equilibrata for crescita


Rhyme awareness supports finer phoneme skills

consapevolezza della rima sostiene finer abilità fonetiche


Syllable awareness builds toward phoneme level

consapevolezza delle sillabe builds toward fonema level


Camouflage builds on awareness that animals live in different environments

mimetismo si basa su awareness that animali live in different ambienti


Camouflage and nocturnal behaviour are related survival strategies

mimetismo e comportamento notturno are related strategie di sopravvivenza


Conservation in action parallels ocean conservation, mutual enrichment

conservazione in action parallels ocean conservazione, mutual enrichment


Conservation requires understanding why species become endangered

conservazione richiede comprensione why specie become in pericolo


Managing invasive species is a conservation strategy

Managing specie invasive is a conservazione strategia


Conservation aims to protect biodiversity

conservazione aims to protect biodiversità


Must understand forces change motion before comparing movement on different surfaces

deve capire che il forze cambiare il movimento prima di comparing movimento on different superfici


Comparing how things move on different surfaces requires friction vocabulary

Comparing how things move on different superfici richiede attrito Vocabolario


Cross-subject: constructing and following multi-step mathematical arguments requires the ability to express thoughts and give well-structured explanations orally

trasversale: costruire e following multi-step mathematical arguments richiede the ability to express thoughts e give well-structured explanations orally


Constructing multi-step mathematical arguments and identifying errors in reasoning is the maths form of the universal self-explanation habit

costruire multi-step mathematical arguments e identificare errori in ragionamento is the maths form of the universal auto-spiegazione abitudine


Age 7-8 arguing/justifying builds on age 6-7

età 7-8 arguing/justifying si basa su età 6-7


Explaining columnar methods exercises identifying and justifying steps

Explaining metodi colonnari exercises identifying e giustificare i passaggi


Explaining why strategies work exercises constructing arguments

Explaining why strategie work exercises costruire arguments


Must know plants get materials from air/water (photosynthesis) before tracing sun energy through food

deve sapere che il piante get materials from air/acqua (fotosintesi) prima di tracing energia solare attraverso cibo


Must understand nutrition and food before tracing energy from sun through food chains

deve capire che il nutrizione e cibo prima di tracing Energia from Sole attraverso catene alimentari


Skip counting supports understanding equal groups (2s, 5s, 10s)

contare per salti sostiene comprensione gruppi uguali (2s, 5s, 10s)


Multiplication as repeated addition requires understanding addition as combining groups

moltiplicazione as addizione ripetuta richiede comprensione addizione as combinare gruppi


Must understand Earth orbits the sun before explaining rotation causes day/night

deve capire che il Earth orbits the Sole prima di explaining rotazione causes giorno/notte


Must observe daylight patterns before explaining them with Earth's rotation

Must observe luce del giorno patterns prima di explaining them with Earth's rotazione


Explaining day and night using Earth's rotation requires 'rotation' and 'axis' vocabulary

Explaining giorno e notte using Earth's rotazione richiede 'rotazione' e 'asse' Vocabolario


Enrichment knowledge of Earth's rotation and orbit supports formal explanation of day/night cycle

Enrichment conoscenza of Earth's rotazione e orbita sostiene formal explanation of giorno/notte cycle


Calculating speed as distance ÷ time applies compound-unit thinking from Math

Calculating velocità as distanza ÷ time applies unità composta thinking from Math


Calculating speed and representing journeys on distance-time graphs requires being able to plot and read these graphs

Calculating velocità e representing viaggi on grafici distanza-tempo richiede being able to tracciare e read these graphs


Title formatting relates to quotation mark use

titolo formatting relates to quotation mark use


Must understand forces and their effects before learning how mechanisms multiply forces

deve capire che il forze e their effects prima di imparare how meccanismi multiply forze


Gravity context helps understand why we need mechanisms to lift heavy things

gravità context aiuta understand why we need meccanismi to lift heavy things


Understanding levers, pulleys, and gears requires moment, lever, and fulcrum vocabulary

comprensione leve, carrucole, e ingranaggi richiede momento, leva, e fulcro Vocabolario


Safety awareness draws on vocabulary of 'safe', 'trusted adult', and 'choice'

sicurezza awareness attinge da Vocabolario of 'sicuro', 'adulto di fiducia', e 'scelta'


Evaluating a strategy requires having deliberately chosen and tried different strategies — you need the switching habit first

Evaluating a strategia richiede having deliberately chosen e tried different strategie — you need the cambiare abitudine first


The LtL strategy evaluation skill (9-10) builds on the early scaffolded habit of checking reasonableness in maths introduced at 6-7

The LtL strategia valutazione abilità (9-10) si basa su the early scaffolded abitudine of verifica ragionevolezza in maths introduced at 6-7


The LtL strategy evaluation skill (9-10) builds on the maths-specific checking habit developed with teacher support at 7-8

The LtL strategia valutazione abilità (9-10) si basa su the maths-specific verifica abitudine developed with teacher sostiene at 7-8


Evaluating whether a strategy helped requires being able to analyse what went wrong when it didn't

Evaluating whether a strategia helped richiede being able to analizzare what è andato storto when it didn't


2/3-digit × 1-digit written method is prerequisite to 4-digit × 1-digit and 2-digit × 2-digit

2/3-digit × 1-digit written method is prerequisito to 4-digit × 1-digit e 2-digit × 2-digit


Area models for distributive property support understanding long multiplication layout

Area models for distributive property sostiene comprensione long moltiplicazione layout


Using inverse to check answers requires understanding the inverse relationship

Using inverse to check answers richiede comprensione the inverse relationship


Estimating and checking applies to three-digit calculations

Estimating e verifica applies to three-digit calculations


Recognising how authorial choices create effects requires connecting your reading experience to existing knowledge of how language and texts work

Recognising how authorial choices create effects richiede connecting your lettura esperienza to existing conoscenza of how language e texts work


Recognising authorial effects requires reading for meaning rather than just decoding — you can only notice the effect of a word choice if you are genuinely engaging with meaning

Recognising authorial effects richiede lettura for significato rather than just decoding — you can only notice the effect of a word scelta if you are genuinely engaging with significato


Understanding commutativity of addition requires understanding addition

comprensione commutativity of addizione richiede comprensione addizione


Research and source integration extends KS2 precis of longer passages

Research e source integration estende KS2 precis of longer passages


The advanced research skill of summarising from multiple sources while assessing credibility and avoiding plagiarism requires the prior ability to gather and take organised notes from print and digital sources

The advanced research abilità of summarising from multiple sources while assessing credibility e avoiding plagiarism richiede the precedente ability to gather e take organised notes from print e digital sources


Summarising and organising material from multiple sources, including assessing credibility and integrating evidence, builds on the prior skill of drawing evidence specifically from literary texts and applying reading standards to literature

Summarising e organising material from multiple sources, including assessing credibility e integrating evidence, si basa su the precedente abilità of drawing evidence specifically from literary texts e applying lettura standards to literature


Research writing feeds into informative/explanatory writing

Research scrittura feeds into informative/explanatory scrittura


Multi-paragraph main idea analysis builds on identifying main topic and key details in simpler texts

Multi-paragraph main idea analysis si basa su identifying main topic e key details in simpler texts


Must spell root words before adding suffixes

deve saper scrivere root words prima di adding suffixes


Spelling with suffixes requires knowing 'suffix', 'root word', and understanding how suffixes attach

Spelling with suffixes richiede knowing 'suffix', 'root word', e comprensione how suffixes attach


Finding missing angles extends Y5 additive angle reasoning

Finding missing angles estende Y5 additive angle ragionamento


Angles at a point, on a straight line, and vertically opposite are identified through reading standard diagram notation

Angles at a point, on a straight line, e vertically opposite are identified attraverso lettura standard diagram notation


Point/straight-line/vertically-opposite angle rules build on Y5 angle-sum knowledge

Point/straight-line/vertically-opposite angle rules si basa su Y5 angle-sum conoscenza


Understanding ethical selling extends to social enterprise values

comprensione ethical selling estende to social enterprise values


Must understand business ideas before applying them to social problems

deve capire che il business ideas prima di applicare them to social problems


Must understand sentences before punctuating them

deve capire che il frasi prima di punctuating them


Must do simple tests before setting up formal fair tests with controlled variables

deve fare simple tests prima di setting up formal fair tests with controlled variables


Many equations require expanding brackets before solving

Many equations richiede expanding brackets prima di solving


Solving linear equations extends KS2 missing-number problem work

Solving linear equations estende KS2 missing-number problem work


Solving equations requires substitution skill to check answers

Solving equations richiede substitution abilità to check answers


Solving linear equations by rearrangement requires applying inverse operations to isolate an unknown

Solving linear equations by rearrangement richiede applying inverse operations to isolate an unknown


Must know common minibeasts before placing them in food chains

deve sapere che il common piccole creature prima di placing them in catene alimentari


Must understand extinction concept before learning about the K-Pg extinction event

deve capire che il extinction concetto prima di imparare about the K-Pg extinction event


Must know the Cretaceous period before understanding the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary

deve sapere che il the Cretaceous period prima di capire the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary


Learning food groups builds on knowing the body needs food for energy and health

Learning gruppi alimentari si basa su knowing the esigenze del corpo cibo for Energia e health


Exploratory food groups complements curriculum nutrition topic (GB Y3)

esplorativo gruppi alimentari completa curricolo nutrizione topic (GB Y3)


Must understand what organisms need before explaining how they change environments to meet those needs

deve capire che il what organismi need prima di explaining how they change ambienti to meet those needs


Identifying the role of evaporation and condensation requires knowing these process terms precisely

Identifying the role of evaporation e condensation richiede knowing these process termini precisely


Water cycle connects to curriculum evaporation/condensation topic

acqua cycle connects to curricolo evaporation/condensation topic


Must understand state changes before learning about evaporation/condensation in water cycle

deve capire che il state cambiamenti prima di imparare about evaporation/condensation in acqua cycle


The skeleton is an organ system — understanding this level of organisation gives context

The skeleton is an organ system — comprensione this level of organisation gives context


KS3 skeleton detail (blood cell production, biomechanics) extends KS2 skeleton and muscles introduction

KS3 skeleton detail (blood cell production, biomechanics) estende KS2 skeleton e muscles introduction


The reactions of acids with metals and bases require first understanding what acids and alkalis are

The reactions of acids with metals e bases richiede first comprensione what acids e alkalis are


Acid reactions are specific examples of chemical reaction types (neutralisation, displacement)


System interaction requires detailed knowledge of the circulatory system

System interaction richiede detailed conoscenza of the circulatory system


System interaction requires detailed knowledge of the respiratory system

System interaction richiede detailed conoscenza of the respiratory system


Art conventions and architectural evolution builds on pyramid construction knowledge

arte conventions e architectural evolution si basa su pyramid construction conoscenza


Art conventions builds on understanding tomb paintings as evidence

arte conventions si basa su comprensione tomb paintings as evidence


Experience building/modelling shapes supports composing 3-D shapes

esperienza building/modelling shapes sostiene composing 3-D shapes


Need to recognise 3-D shapes before composing them

Need to recognise 3-D shapes prima di composing them


Using hyphens in compound modifiers builds on understanding how two component words can combine to create a single compound word

Using hyphens in compound modifiers si basa su comprensione how two component words can combine to create a single compound word


Hyphens in compound modifiers builds on expanded noun phrases

Hyphens in compound modifiers si basa su expanded noun phrases


Four-digit place value is prerequisite to understanding ×10 relationship between places

Four-digit place value is prerequisito to comprensione ×10 relationship between places


Planning before a task grows from the habit of checking back after finishing — both are self-regulatory bookends

pianificazione prima di a task grows from the abitudine of verifica back after finishing — both are self-regulatory bookends


Actively seeking alternative explanations requires first having the habit of not defending your original interpretation against the evidence

Actively seeking alternative explanations richiede first having the abitudine of not defending your original interpretation against the evidence


Asking 'is there another explanation?' is the scientific form of the universal elaborative-interrogation habit

Asking 'is there another explanation?' is the scientific form of the universal elaborative-interrogation abitudine


Magma chamber concept requires knowing Earth has hot interior layers

Magma chamber concetto richiede knowing Earth has hot interior layers


Internal volcano structure builds on basic volcano knowledge

Internal volcano structure si basa su basic volcano conoscenza


Rounding to specified accuracy requires general rounding skill

Rounding to specified precisione richiede general rounding abilità


Context-appropriate accuracy connects to estimation skills

Context-appropriate precisione connects to estimation abilità


Rounding answers requires having answers to round (from division)

Rounding answers richiede having answers to round (from division)


Degree measurement system requires understanding what an angle is

Degree Misurazione system richiede comprensione what an angle is


Verb prefixes (dis-, de-, mis-, over-, re-) build on general prefix knowledge from Y3-4; learners must understand how prefixes modify root words before applying this specifically to verbs

Verb prefixes (dis-, de-, mis-, over-, re-) si basa su general prefix conoscenza from Y3-4; learners deve capire che il how prefixes modify root words prima di applicare this specifically to verbs


Understanding large igneous provinces and geological-scale eruptions depends on probabilistic hazard assessment frameworks

comprensione large igneous provinces e geological-scale eruptions dipende da probabilistic hazard assessment frameworks


Large igneous provinces and geological time depends on rock cycle context

Large igneous provinces e geological time dipende da rock cycle context


Working effectively in groups draws on vocabulary like 'cooperate', 'compromise', and 'conflict'

Working effectively in groups attinge da Vocabolario like 'cooperate', 'compromise', e 'conflict'


Effective group work builds on turn-taking and sharing

Effective group work si basa su turn-taking e sharing


Effective small-group collaboration requires the foundational listening skill of attending to others and following discussion rules developed in Speaking & Listening

Effective small-group collaboration richiede the foundational listening abilità of attending to others e following discussion rules developed in Ascolto e parlato


Group work benefits from collaborative conversation skills

Group work trae vantaggio da collaborative conversation abilità


Writing extended arguments with acknowledged counterclaims and formal style requires the prior ability to produce coherent, organised writing appropriate to the task, purpose, and audience

scrittura extended arguments with acknowledged counterclaims e formal stile richiede the precedente ability to produce coherent, organised scrittura appropriate to the task, purpose, e audience


Writing arguments benefits from reading skill of evaluating arguments and claims

scrittura arguments trae vantaggio da lettura abilità of evaluating arguments e claims


Supporting claims with evidence extends KS2 providing reasoned justifications

Supporting claims with evidence estende KS2 providing reasoned justifications


Argument writing benefits from conscious application of rhetorical and literary devices drawn from reading — the student who can use tricolon or contrast intentionally will write more persuasive arguments

Argument scrittura trae vantaggio da conscious application of rhetorical e literary devices drawn from lettura — the student who can use tricolon or contrast intentionally will write more persuasive arguments


Writing arguments with logically organised reasons, acknowledged counterclaims, and a formal concluding statement requires command of varied transitions, cohesive devices, and paragraph-linking strategies

scrittura arguments with logically organised reasons, acknowledged counterclaims, e a formal concluding statement richiede command of varied transitions, cohesive devices, e paragraph-linking strategie


Argument writing extends KS2 identifying audience and purpose

Argument scrittura estende KS2 identifying audience e purpose


Comparing circuit component function requires component vocabulary: bulb, buzzer, switch, resistance

Comparing circuit component function richiede component Vocabolario: bulb, buzzer, switch, resistance


Must understand voltage-brightness relationship before comparing component variations

deve capire che il voltage-brightness relationship prima di comparing component variations


Y4 acute/obtuse angle identification is prerequisite to drawing and labelling angle types

Y4 acute/obtuse angle identification is prerequisito to drawing e labelling angle types


Y3 horizontal/vertical/perpendicular/parallel lines is prerequisite to drawing and identifying them formally

Y3 horizontal/vertical/perpendicular/parallel lines is prerequisito to drawing e identifying them formally


Understanding central/peripheral nervous system builds on knowing how eye sends signals via optic nerve

comprensione central/peripheral nervous system si basa su knowing how eye sends signals via optic nerve


Exploratory nervous system detail complements curriculum senses/brain/response topic (US G4)

esplorativo nervous system detail completa curricolo senses/brain/response topic (US G4)


Detailed nervous system builds on knowing the brain is the body's control centre

Detailed nervous system si basa su knowing the brain is the body's control centre


Must understand needs vs wants to make budget trade-offs

deve capire che il needs vs wants to rende budget trade-offs


Buying experience helps with realistic budgeting

Buying esperienza aiuta with realistic budgeting


Must understand saving concept before budgeting a fixed amount

deve capire che il saving concetto prima di budgeting a fixed amount


Prior work on how light reflects into the eye provides context for understanding colour perception

precedente work on how light reflects into the eye fornisce contesto for comprensione colour perception


Dispersion of white light into a spectrum relies on understanding refraction (light bending at a boundary)

Dispersion of white light into a spectrum si basa su comprensione rifrazione (light bending at a boundary)


Must understand reflection-to-eye model before using straight-line light to explain how we see

deve capire che il riflessione-to-eye model prima di using straight-line light to explain how we see


Must understand shadows before formalising that light travels in straight lines to explain shadows

deve capire che il ombre prima di formalising that light viaggia in linee rette to explain ombre


Explaining shadows and sight using straight-line light travel requires reflection/absorption vocabulary

Explaining ombre e sight using straight-line light viaggia richiede riflessione/absorption Vocabolario


Must understand noun phrases to use the term

deve capire che il noun phrases to use the termine


Must understand apostrophes to use the term

deve capire che il apostrophes to use the termine


deve capire che il commas to use the termine


Y2 terminology si basa su Y1 terminology


Must understand sentence types to use terms statement/question/exclamation/command

deve capire che il sentence types to use termini statement/question/exclamation/command


Understanding 10 as a bundle builds on understanding teen numbers as 'a ten and some ones'

comprensione 10 as a bundle si basa su comprensione teen numbers as 'a ten e some ones'


Must understand basic budgeting before longer-term financial planning

deve capire che il basic budgeting prima di longer-termine financial pianificazione


Must understand banking and interest before planning long-term savings goals

deve capire che il banking e interest prima di pianificazione long-termine savings goals


Must understand medieval daily life before examining clothing as social marker

deve capire che il medieval daily life prima di examining clothing as social marker


Multiples of 100 require understanding 100 as a unit

Multiples of 100 richiede comprensione 100 as a unit


KS3 extinction through environmental change provides curriculum grounding for the sixth mass extinction scale and drivers

KS3 extinction attraverso environmental change fornisce curricolo grounding for the sixth mass extinction scale e drivers


Extinction is what happens when natural selection cannot produce adaptations fast enough — the mechanism must be understood first


Environmental change that causes local extinction and range shifts is the same process that drives full extinction

Environmental change that causes local extinction e range shifts is the same process that drives full extinction


Working across the full coordinate grid requires first-quadrant plotting as a foundation

Working across the full coordinate grid richiede first-quadrant plotting as a foundation


Negative coordinates require understanding of negative numbers

Negative coordinates richiede comprensione of negative numbers


Working with the full coordinate grid (all four quadrants) extends the transformation diagram to negative coordinates

Working with the full coordinate grid (all four quadrants) estende the transformation diagram to negative coordinates


Four-quadrant coordinates extend first-quadrant plotting

Four-quadrant coordinates estende first-quadrant plotting


Curriculum food-chains knowledge (producers/predators/prey) provides foundation for understanding full insect ecosystem roles

curricolo cibo-chains conoscenza (producers/predators/prey) fornisce fondamento per comprensione full insect ecosystem roles


Must understand simple food chains before studying complex ecosystem roles

deve capire che il simple catene alimentari prima di studying complex ecosystem roles


Must understand pollination before studying insects' full range of ecosystem roles

deve capire che il pollination prima di studying insects' full range of ecosystem roles


Grouping materials by properties supports grouping rocks by properties

Grouping materials by properties sostiene grouping rocks by properties


Insect/minibeast diversity enriched by curriculum body structure comparison across groups

Insect/minibeast diversity enriched by curricolo body structure comparison across groups


Insect homes (hives, webs) were introduced in animal homes topic


Insects diversity builds on knowing animal diversity globally

Insects diversity si basa su knowing animal diversity globally


Must draw/identify geometric elements before classifying shapes by them

Must draw/identify geometric elements prima di classifying shapes by them


Y4 quadrilateral classification supports classifying by lines/angles

Y4 quadrilateral classificazione sostiene classifying by lines/angles


Constructing simple pictograms/tables is prerequisite to scaled versions

costruire simple pictograms/tables is prerequisito to scaled versions


Drawing scaled bar charts and pictograms requires axis, scale, label, and frequency vocabulary

Drawing scaled bar charts e pictograms richiede asse, scale, label, e frequency Vocabolario


Single-unit bar graphs are prerequisite to scaled bar graphs

Single-unit bar graphs are prerequisito to scaled bar graphs


Must understand reversible changes before contrasting with irreversible ones

deve capire che il reversible cambiamenti prima di contrastare with irreversible ones


Using the EM spectrum as an astronomy tool depends on understanding stellar brightness and magnitude

Using the EM spectrum as an astronomy tool dipende da comprensione stellar brightness e magnitude


Word problems require whole ÷ unit-fraction skill

Word problems richiede whole ÷ unit-fraction abilità


Extends Y5 fraction multiplication word problems to division

estende Y5 fraction moltiplicazione word problems to division


Word problems require unit-fraction ÷ whole number skill

Word problems richiede unit-fraction ÷ whole number abilità


Must present data in basic formats before using complex graphs and scientific diagrams

deve presentare data in basic formats prima di using complex graphs e scientific diagrams


Complex science graphs (scatter, line) build on maths discrete/continuous data graphing

Complex Scienze graphs (scatter, line) si basa su maths discrete/continuous data graphing


Recognising, describing, and building 3-D shapes by making nets is the core application of net literacy

Recognising, describing, e building 3-D shapes by making nets is the core application of net literacy


Building 3-D shapes extends Y5 recognition of 3-D from 2-D representations

Building 3-D shapes estende Y5 recognition of 3-D from 2-D representations


Must understand medieval cultural achievements before grasping how printing transformed them

deve capire che il medieval cultural achievements prima di grasping how printing transformed them


Growing towns and trade created demand for printed material

Growing towns e trade created demand for printed material


Skip counting exercises recognising repeating calculation patterns

contare per salti exercises recognising repeating calculation patterns


The +1 pattern in counting is the earliest repeated reasoning

The +1 pattern in counting is the earliest repeated ragionamento


Decision-making process applies vocabulary of 'ethical', 'consequence', and 'responsibility'

Decision-making process applies Vocabolario of 'ethical', 'consequence', e 'responsibility'


PSD decision-making skills underpin strategy selection in Learning-to-Learn

PSD decision-making abilità underpin strategia selection in Learning-to-Learn


PSD decision-making processes transfer directly to Learning-to-Learn planning frameworks

PSD decision-making processes transfer directly to Learning-to-Learn pianificazione frameworks


Decision-making process builds on understanding consequences

Decision-making process si basa su comprensione consequences


Must know what nouns are before learning words that precede them

deve sapere che il what nouns are prima di imparare words that precede them


Trying a different mathematical strategy when stuck is the maths-specific application of the universal strategy-switching habit

Trying a different mathematical strategia when stuck is the maths-specific application of the universal strategia-cambiare abitudine


Cross-subject: making sense of multi-step word problems requires understanding that sentences express complete thoughts (reading comprehension foundation)

trasversale: making sense of multi-step word problems richiede comprensione that frasi express complete thoughts (Comprensione della lettura foundation)


Age 7-8 problem-solving builds on age 6-7 problem-solving

età 7-8 risoluzione dei problemi si basa su età 6-7 risoluzione dei problemi


Estimating and checking answers exercises problem-solving at this age

Estimating e verifica answers exercises risoluzione dei problemi at this età


Multi-step A+S problems exercise breaking problems into parts

Multi-step A+S problems esercizio breaking problems into parts


Understanding why rules exist requires vocabulary of 'rule', 'safe', and 'fair'

comprensione why rules exist richiede Vocabolario of 'rule', 'sicuro', e 'fair'


Understanding rules benefits from knowing right/wrong

comprensione rules trae vantaggio da knowing right/wrong


Must understand pushes/pulls before analysing design solutions using them

deve capire che il pushes/pulls prima di analysing design solutions using them


Understanding global effects requires knowing plate tectonics mechanism

comprensione global effects richiede knowing plate tectonics mechanism


Famous eruptions benefit from understanding eruption types

Famous eruptions trae vantaggio da comprensione eruption types


Famous eruptions builds on Pompeii as first historical eruption case study

Famous eruptions si basa su Pompeii as first historical eruption case study


Continental drift (Pangaea) builds on plate concept

Continental drift (Pangaea) si basa su plate concetto


Ethical evaluation builds on recognising ethical grey areas

Ethical valutazione si basa su recognising ethical grey areas


Evaluating ethical issues benefits from examining own biases

Evaluating ethical issues trae vantaggio da examining own biases


Ethical evaluation benefits from understanding rights/responsibilities

Ethical valutazione trae vantaggio da comprensione rights/responsibilities


Ethical evaluation benefits from evaluating reasoning and evidence in speech

Ethical valutazione trae vantaggio da evaluating ragionamento e evidence in speech


Evaluating ethical dimensions of real-world issues and forming reasoned positions requires the habit of questioning your own assumptions before accepting your first instinct

Evaluating ethical dimensions of real-world issues e forming reasoned positions richiede the abitudine of questioning your own assumptions prima di accepting your first instinct


Must recognise coins/notes and their values before practising buying transactions

Must recognise coins/notes e their values prima di practising buying transactions


Must understand money as exchange medium before practising transactions

deve capire che il money as exchange medium prima di practising transactions


Extends digraph concept to three letters

estende digraph concetto to three letters


Vowel digraph knowledge supports trigraphs

Vowel digraph conoscenza sostiene trigraphs


Advanced gene expression and genetic disease mechanisms depends on DNA structure and replication

Advanced gene expression e genetic disease meccanismi dipende da DNA structure e replication


Advanced genetics depends on cell biology including the cell cycle and mitosis

Advanced genetics dipende da cell biology including the cell cycle e mitosis


Mutation is defined as a change to the DNA sequence — the DNA model must be understood first

Mutation is defined as a change to the DNA sequenza — the DNA model must be understood first


Reflecting on how your behaviour landed on others requires being able to articulate your own thinking and intentions clearly — the self-explanation habit applied to social experience

Reflecting on how your behaviour landed on others richiede being able to articulate your own thinking e intentions clearly — the auto-spiegazione abitudine applied to social esperienza


Reflecting on impact on others requires vocabulary of 'impact', 'perspective', and 'reflect'

Reflecting on impact on others richiede Vocabolario of 'impact', 'perspective', e 'reflect'


Reflecting on the impact of your behaviour on others requires first having noticed patterns in your own reactions — you need self-knowledge before you can examine your social footprint

Reflecting on the impact of your behaviour on others richiede first having noticed patterns in your own reactions — you need self-conoscenza prima di you can examine your social footprint


Reflecting on impact requires understanding that your actions were choices, not automatic responses to feelings — the feelings/actions distinction underpins social accountability

Reflecting on impact richiede comprensione that your actions were choices, not automatic responses to feelings — the feelings/actions distinction underpins social accountability


Self-correcting while reading requires the awareness that decoding correctly is not the same as understanding

Self-correcting while lettura richiede the awareness that decoding correctly is not the same as comprensione


Need basic reading ability to self-monitor

Need basic lettura ability to self-monitor


Checking that a text makes sense while reading and self-correcting is the reading-domain form of the universal comprehension-monitoring habit

verifica that a text rende sense while lettura e self-correcting is the lettura-domain form of the universal comprehension-monitoring abitudine


Reading comprehension monitoring builds on earlier fluency skills

Comprensione della lettura monitoring si basa su earlier fluency abilità


Must understand Arctic geography before learning about peoples who live there

deve capire che il Arctic geography prima di imparare about peoples who live there


Assertive communication benefits from positive self-talk skills

Assertive comunicazione trae vantaggio da positive self-talk abilità


Assertive communication requires understanding the trio: assertive vs passive vs aggressive

Assertive comunicazione richiede comprensione the trio: assertive vs passive vs aggressive


Assertive communication builds on basic conflict resolution

Assertive comunicazione si basa su basic conflict resolution


Comparing suitability of materials for uses requires property vocabulary to articulate why one material is better than another

Comparing suitability of materials for uses richiede property Vocabolario to articulate why one material is better than another


Must group materials by properties before evaluating suitability for purposes

Must group materials by properties prima di evaluating suitability for purposes


Must have experience making something to sell before generating business ideas

deve avere esperienza making something to sell prima di generating business ideas


Must understand customers before spotting problems to solve for them

deve capire che il customers prima di spotting problems to solve for them


Must understand nutrition before learning how the digestive system processes food

deve capire che il nutrizione prima di imparare how the digestive system processes cibo


Enrichment knowledge tracing the digestive journey supports formal curriculum study of digestive system parts

Enrichment conoscenza tracing the digestive journey sostiene formal curricolo study of digestive system parts


Calculating intervals across zero extends Y5 negative number context

Calculating intervals across zero estende Y5 negative number context


Absolute value requires understanding negative numbers on a number line

Absolute value richiede comprensione negative numbers on a number line


Multiplying/dividing negatives requires adding/subtracting negatives first

Multiplying/dividing negatives richiede adding/subtracting negatives first


Understanding failure/resilience enriches entrepreneur case studies

comprensione failure/resilience arricchisce entrepreneur case studies


Must understand business ideas before studying real entrepreneurs' journeys

deve capire che il business ideas prima di studying real entrepreneurs' viaggi


Choosing operations benefits from order-of-operations understanding

Choosing operations trae vantaggio da order-of-operations comprensione


Y6 multi-step four-op problems extend Y5 multi-step problems

Y6 multi-step four-op problems estende Y5 multi-step problems


Mixed operation problems require long division skill

Mixed operation problems richiede long division abilità


Emotion intensity builds on knowing basic emotion categories

Emotion intensity si basa su knowing basic emotion categories


Must know what a rainforest is before learning about products from it

deve sapere che il what a foresta pluviale is prima di imparare about products from it


Register awareness extends KS2 formal vs informal vocabulary

registro awareness estende KS2 formal vs informal Vocabolario


Number bonds within 20 builds on knowing bonds to 10

Number bonds within 20 si basa su knowing bonds to 10


Recalling bonds within 20 builds on fluency within 5

Recalling bonds within 20 si basa su fluency within 5


Evaluating author evidence builds on explaining author's evidence

Evaluating author evidence si basa su explaining author's evidence


Applying rhetorical devices (tricolon, anaphora, rhetorical questions) to enhance writing impact builds on the prior ability to write confidently for a wide range of purposes and forms beyond narrative

Applying rhetorical devices (tricolon, anaphora, rhetorical questions) to enhance scrittura impact si basa su the precedente ability to write confidently for a wide range of purposes e forms beyond narrative


Using literary devices in writing requires recognising them in reading first

Using literary devices in scrittura richiede recognising them in lettura first


Applying rhetorical devices extends KS2 choosing precise and vivid words

Applying rhetorical devices estende KS2 choosing precise e vivid words


Correlative conjunctions build on coordination understanding

Correlative conjunctions si basa su coordination comprensione


Understanding different lives benefits from perspective-taking skills

comprensione different lives trae vantaggio da perspective-taking abilità


Understanding diverse lives requires vocabulary for compassion, fairness, and community

comprensione diverse lives richiede Vocabolario for compassion, fairness, e community


Understanding different lives builds on noticing similarities/differences

comprensione different lives si basa su noticing similarities/differences


Measuring weather parallels curriculum observing/recording local weather

Measuring weather parallels curricolo observing/recording local weather


Measuring wind benefits from knowing what wind is

Measuring wind trae vantaggio da knowing what wind is


Measuring weather requires knowing the types of weather to measure

Measuring weather richiede knowing the types of weather to measure


Using thermometers builds on understanding temperature concept

Using thermometers si basa su comprensione temperature concetto


Comparing decimals to 3dp feeds into solving problems with them


Rounding decimals supports problem-solving with decimals

Rounding decimals sostiene risoluzione dei problemi with decimals


Knowing plant names helps distinguish living from non-living

Knowing plant names aiuta distinguish living from non-living


Comparing living, dead, and never-been-alive things requires the life processes vocabulary to give reasons

Comparing living, dead, e never-been-alive things richiede the life processes Vocabolario to give reasons


Knowing animal groups helps distinguish living from non-living

Knowing animal groups aiuta distinguish living from non-living


Thesaurus use builds on dictionary skills

Thesaurus use si basa su dictionary abilità


Thesaurus use builds on understanding synonyms and antonyms

Thesaurus use si basa su comprensione synonyms e antonyms


Understanding defining attributes supports describing shape properties formally

comprensione defining attributes sostiene describing shape properties formally


Describing properties of 2-D shapes (sides, symmetry) requires knowing the shapes first

Describing properties of 2-D shapes (sides, symmetry) richiede knowing the shapes first


Formal property description extends informal analysis of sides and vertices

Formal property description estende informal analysis of sides e vertices


Must understand goods and services before grasping buying and selling

deve capire che il goods e services prima di grasping buying e selling


Cross-domain: understanding what money is (Money & Finance) supports grasping exchange

trasversale: comprensione what money is (Denaro e finanza) sostiene grasping exchange


Fluent fraction-decimal conversion builds on Y6 decimal fraction equivalents

Fluent fraction-decimal conversion si basa su Y6 decimal fraction equivalents


Working between terminating decimals and fractions requires 'terminating decimal' vocabulary

Working between terminating decimals e Frazioni richiede 'terminating decimal' Vocabolario


Basic ice and snow knowledge is prerequisite to understanding states of matter and ice types

Basic ice e snow conoscenza is prerequisito to comprensione states of matter e ice types


Understanding that reading means making meaning is the English-domain grounding of the universal habit of noticing when you don't understand

comprensione that lettura means making significato is the Inglese-domain grounding of the universal abitudine of noticing when you don't understand


Metal properties and reactivity predictions are read from the periodic table

Metal properties e reactivity predictions are read from the periodic table


Research and note-taking skills support the ability to gather and organise textual evidence for literary analysis writing

Research e note-taking abilità sostiene the ability to gather e organise textual evidence for literary analysis scrittura


Drawing evidence from literary texts in writing requires the ability to draw inferences from texts with evidence

Drawing evidence from literary texts in scrittura richiede the ability to draw inferences from texts with evidence


Drawing evidence from literary and informational texts requires academic vocabulary for reasoning about evidence

Drawing evidence from literary e informational texts richiede academic Vocabolario for ragionamento about evidence


KS3 detailed diet components extend KS2 understanding that animals need the right nutrition

KS3 detailed diet components estende KS2 comprensione that animali need the right nutrizione


Must understand complete metamorphosis before comparing it to incomplete

deve capire che il complete metamorphosis prima di comparing it to incomplete


The formal KS3 frequency analysis of experimental probability extends the bridging work on long-run behaviour introduced at age 10-11

The formal KS3 frequency analysis of experimental Probabilità estende the bridging work on long-run behaviour introduced at età 10-11


Experimental probability requires understanding the 0–1 probability scale first

Experimental Probabilità richiede comprensione the 0–1 Probabilità scale first


The Y5-6 statutory word list is the direct continuation of the Y3-4 word list


Ordering 3 objects by length and indirect comparison extends direct length comparison

Ordering 3 oggetti by length e indirect comparison estende direct length comparison


Summarising builds on identifying main topic in informational texts

Summarising si basa su identifying main topic in informational texts


Key details and inference support identifying main ideas

Key details e inference sostiene identifying main ideas


Retrieving and summarising main ideas from multi-paragraph texts requires active self-monitoring comprehension — noticing when something doesn't make sense and re-reading to fix it

Retrieving e summarising main ideas from multi-paragraph texts richiede active self-monitoring comprehension — noticing when something doesn't rende sense e re-lettura to fix it


Identifying main ideas from multiple paragraphs and summarising builds on the prior skill of discussing sequence of events and how information items are related in shorter texts

Identifying main ideas from multiple paragraphs e summarising si basa su the precedente abilità of discussing sequenza of events e how information items are related in shorter texts


Summarising requires understanding non-fiction text structures

Summarising richiede comprensione non-fiction text structures


Fraction-of-quantity problems exercise multi-step reasoning

Fraction-of-quantity problems esercizio multi-step ragionamento


Age 7-8 problem-sense-making is prerequisite to age 8-9 level

età 7-8 problem-sense-making is prerequisito to età 8-9 level


Evaluating reasonableness using estimation and inverse operations applies the universal error-analysis habit to maths

Evaluating ragionevolezza using estimation e inverse operations applies the universal error-analysis abitudine to maths


Perimeter problems exercise multi-step problem solving at age 8-9

Perimeter problems esercizio multi-step problem solving at età 8-9


PV problems require four-digit place-value understanding

PV problems richiede four-digit valore posizionale comprensione


Plotting points requires understanding the coordinate system

Plotting points richiede comprensione the coordinate system


Understanding decimal place value and powers-of-10 scaling is essential for decimal multiplication

comprensione decimal place value e powers-of-10 scaling is essential for moltiplicazione decimale


Multiplying decimals by whole numbers builds on whole-number multiplication

Multiplying decimals by whole numbers si basa su whole-number moltiplicazione


Multi-step conversion problems require conversion skills

Multi-step conversion problems richiede conversion abilità


Measurement word problems extend Y5 measurement problem-solving

Misurazione word problems estende Y5 Misurazione risoluzione dei problemi


Ocean zones require knowing the ocean is deep and vast

Ocean zones richiede knowing the ocean is deep e vast


Understanding zones requires knowing ocean has diverse life at different depths

comprensione zones richiede knowing ocean has diverse life at different depths


Must know about polar regions before learning about ice and snow there

deve sapere che il about Regioni polari prima di imparare about ice e snow there


Columnar methods require fluent within-100 addition/subtraction

metodi colonnari richiede fluent within-100 addizione/sottrazione


Formal columnar methods build on conceptual understanding of composing/decomposing

Formal metodi colonnari si basa su conceptual comprensione of composing/decomposing


Fraction problems require addition/subtraction of fractions

Fraction problems richiede addizione/sottrazione of Frazioni


Some problems require comparing fractions

Some problems richiede comparing Frazioni


Fraction problems require finding fractions of quantities

Fraction problems richiede finding Frazioni of quantities


Need to engage with stories before identifying elements

Need to engage with stories prima di identifying elements


Distinguishing literal from nonliteral builds on recognising literary language and sensory words

Distinguishing literal from nonliteral si basa su recognising literary language e sensory words


Understanding figurative language connects to distinguishing shades of meaning

comprensione figurative language connects to distinguishing shades of significato


KS3 weight = mass × g extends KS2 introduction to gravity as the force pulling objects toward Earth

KS3 weight = mass × g estende KS2 introduction to gravità as the force pulling oggetti toward Earth


Cross-book comparison builds on recommending books with reasons

Cross-book comparison si basa su recommending books with reasons


Cross-book comparison draws on understanding themes and conventions

Cross-book comparison attinge da comprensione themes e conventions


Composite shape problems require fluency with basic area formulae first

Composite shape problems richiede fluency with basic area formulae first


Circle calculations require knowing radius, diameter, circumference from KS2

Circle calculations richiede knowing radius, diameter, circumference from KS2


Must describe properties before using them to group materials

Must describe properties prima di using them to group materials


Must generate equivalent fractions before using common denominators to compare

Must generate equivalent Frazioni prima di using denominatori comuni to compare


Same-numerator/denom comparison is prerequisite to different-denom comparison

Same-numerator/denom comparison is prerequisito to different-denom comparison


Building on others' contributions in discussion requires being able to articulate your own thinking — the self-explanation habit applied in a social context

basandosi su others' contributions in discussion richiede being able to articulate your own thinking — the auto-spiegazione abitudine applied in a social context


Engaging listeners requires ability to articulate opinions

Engaging listeners richiede ability to articulate opinions


Conversational skills provide foundation for evaluating viewpoints

Conversational abilità fornisce fondamento per evaluating viewpoints


Reciting/presenting skills support engaging an audience

Reciting/presenting abilità sostiene engaging an audience


Understanding 'one more/one less' requires understanding that each number represents a quantity (cardinality)

comprensione 'one more/one less' richiede comprensione that each number represents a quantity (cardinality)


Understanding bee colonies provides context for understanding pollination as a bee behaviour

comprensione bee colonies fornisce contesto for comprensione pollination as a bee behaviour


Simple food chain understanding prepares for interdependence concept in pollination

Simple cibo chain comprensione prepares for interdependence concetto in pollination


Understanding the Sun as a star motivates learning about telescopes for studying other stars

comprensione the Sole as a star motivates learning about telescopes for studying other stelle


Sentence concept supports understanding pronoun function

Sentence concetto sostiene comprensione pronoun function


Must know what nouns are before replacing them with pronouns

deve sapere che il what nouns are prima di replacing them with pronouns


Connecting text to visual/oral presentations builds on understanding the relationship between illustrations and text; the step up is from static illustrations to film, drama, and audio adaptations

Connecting text to visual/oral presentations si basa su comprensione the relationship between illustrations e text; the step up is from static illustrations to film, drama, e audio adaptations


The formal 0-1 probability scale formalises the fractional representation of equally-likely outcomes introduced at age 9-10

The formal 0-1 Probabilità scale formalises the fractional representation of equally-likely outcomes introduced at età 9-10


Expressing probability as fractions, decimals, and percentages requires comparing and ordering fractions — a skill built in the Fractions domain

Expressing Probabilità as Frazioni, decimals, e percentuali richiede comparing e ordering Frazioni — a abilità built in the Frazioni domain


Fluency within 20 requires prior strategy-based adding/subtracting within 20

Fluency within 20 richiede precedente strategia-based adding/subtracting within 20


Fluency within 20 builds on fluency within 10

Fluency within 20 si basa su fluency within 10


Spelling with a range of prefixes requires 'prefix' and 'root word' vocabulary

Spelling with a range of prefixes richiede 'prefix' e 'root word' Vocabolario


Understanding suffix rules supports understanding affix patterns generally

comprensione suffix rules sostiene comprensione affix patterns generally


Prefix spelling Y3 builds on prefix un- from Y1

Prefix spelling Y3 si basa su prefix un- from Y1


Associativity requires understanding addition as combining

Associativity richiede comprensione addizione as combining


Associative property builds on commutative — both involve rearranging addends

Associative property si basa su commutative — both involve rearranging addends


Curriculum adaptation/evolution concept underpins understanding of dinosaur-to-bird evolution

curricolo adaptation/evolution concetto underpins comprensione of dinosaur-to-bird evolution


Must understand theropods as a group before learning birds evolved from them

deve capire che il theropods as a group prima di imparare birds evolved from them


Choosing sentence types requires understanding how phrases and clauses function

Choosing sentence types richiede comprensione how phrases e clauses function


Constructing complex sentences uses subordinate/relative clauses from KS2

costruire complex frasi uses subordinate/relative clauses from KS2


Area formulae build on KS2 rectangle area/perimeter

Area formulae si basa su KS2 rectangle area/perimeter


KS3 area/volume formulae extend KS2 area of parallelograms and triangles

KS3 area/volume formulae estende KS2 area of parallelograms e triangles


KS3 volume of prisms extends KS2 volume of cuboids (V = l × w × h)

KS3 volume of prisms estende KS2 volume of cuboids (V = l × w × h)


Finding 1000 more/less is prerequisite to counting in powers of 10

Finding 1000 more/less is prerequisito to counting in powers of 10


×10 relationship understanding supports counting in powers of 10

×10 relationship comprensione sostiene counting in powers of 10


Y5 grammar terminology builds directly on Y4 terminology; learners must know determiner, pronoun, adverbial before adding modal verb, relative clause, parenthesis, cohesion, ambiguity

Y5 grammar terminology builds directly on Y4 terminology; learners deve sapere che il determiner, pronoun, adverbial prima di adding modal verb, relative clause, parenthesis, coesione, ambiguity


Investigating why something was wrong grows from the earlier habit of checking whether an answer seems right

Investigating why something was wrong grows from the earlier abitudine of verifica whether an answer seems right


Error analysis requires the habit of trying different approaches — you need to have tried something before you can analyse what went wrong

Error analysis richiede l'abitudine of trying different approaches — you need to have tried something before you can analyse what went wrong


Position/direction vocabulary with right angles extends basic positional language

Position/direction vocabolario with right angles estende basic positional language


Right-angle turns (clockwise/anti-clockwise) build directly on whole/half/quarter turns from Year 1

Right-angle turns (clockwise/anti-clockwise) build directly on whole/half/quarter turns from Anno 1


Builds on KS2 knowledge that angles at a point sum to 360° and on a line to 180°

Si basa su Primaria knowledge that angles at a point sum to 360° and on a line to 180°


KS3 angle facts extend KS2 angles at a point, on a line, and vertically opposite

Secondaria angle facts extend Primaria angles at a point, on a line, and vertically opposite


Migration across oceans requires knowing the geography of oceans

Migration across oceans richiede knowing the geography of oceans


Migration is a major adaptation; requires understanding adaptations

Migration is a major adattamento; richiede la comprensione adaptations


Ocean Life marine migration builds on the general migration concept from Animals of the World

Vita negli oceani marine migration si basa su the general migration concept from Animali del mondo


Migration patterns connect to food web dynamics and seasonal food availability

Migration patterns connect to rete alimentare dynamics and seasonal food availability


Sentence concept foundational to grammar terminology

Sentence concept foundational to grammatica terminology


Punctuation terms part of grammar terminology

Punteggiatura terms part of grammatica terminology


a/b as sum of 1/b is prerequisite to understanding a/b as multiple of 1/b

a/b as sum of 1/b è prerequisito to understanding a/b as multiple of 1/b


Understanding genetic bottlenecks during mass extinctions depends on heredity and chromosomes concepts


Advanced mass extinction mechanisms analysis depends on understanding the K-Pg extinction event


Understanding tens and ones place value requires the concept of 10 as a bundle

Understanding tens and ones valore posizionale richiede the concept of 10 as a bundle


General two-digit place value extends from understanding teen number composition

General two-digit valore posizionale estende from understanding teen number composition


Listening and responding supports discussion skills

Ascolto and responding supporta discussion skills


Listening comprehension supports discussion

Ascolto comprehension supporta discussion


Scientific reporting at KS3 requires first being able to draw sound conclusions and evaluate experimental quality

Scientific reporting at Secondaria richiede first being able to draw suono conclusions and evaluate experimental quality


A full structured report covers all stages from hypothesis to conclusion — grounded in the experimental design topic


A scientific report drawing on multiple sources and peer-reviewed literature requires the summarising and source-integration skills developed in English

A scientific report drawing on multiple sources and peer-reviewed literature richiede the summarising and source-integration skills developed in Inglese


Writing a structured secondary-level scientific report requires the informative/explanatory writing skills taught in English — logical organisation, precise vocabulary, and supporting detail

Writing a structured secondary-level scientific report richiede the informative/explanatory writing skills taught in Inglese — logical organisation, precise vocabolario, and supporting detail


Y3 suffix/sound-spelling builds directly on Y2 suffix rules with root changes

Anno 3 suffix/suono-ortografia builds directly on Anno 2 suffix rules with root changes


Basic suffix spelling from Y1 provides foundation

Basic suffix ortografia from Anno 1 provides foundation


Analysing drama requires understanding plot, character, and setting

Analysing drama richiede la comprensione plot, character, and setting


Evaluating staging choices connects to understanding how perspective shapes interpretation

Evaluating staging choices si connette a understanding how perspective shapes interpretation


Requires fluent addition within 100 to combine multiple two-digit numbers

Richiede fluent addition within 100 to combine multiple two-digit numbers


Adding four two-digit numbers extends adding three one-digit numbers

Adding four two-digit numbers estende adding three one-digit numbers


Anaerobic respiration is defined in contrast to aerobic — it is the fallback when oxygen supply is insufficient


Understanding cosmic scale motivates building scale models to grasp distances


Must know the planets before building scale models of the solar system

Deve conoscere the planets before building scale models of the solar system


Rain concept benefits from knowing rain as a weather type

Rain concept beneficia da knowing rain as a weather type


Must understand inherited traits before learning environment also influences traits

Deve comprendere inherited traits before learning environment also influences traits


Distinguishing environmental from genetic influences on traits requires 'inherited', 'acquired', and 'genetic' vocabulary

Distinguishing environmental from genetic influences on traits richiede 'inherited', 'acquired', and 'genetic' vocabolario


Shadow formation knowledge supports measuring and graphing shadow changes

Shadow formation knowledge supporta measuring and graphing shadow changes


Must understand Earth's rotation before graphing shadow patterns caused by it

Deve comprendere Earth's rotazione before graphing shadow patterns caused by it


Age 6-7 precise mathematical communication builds on age 5-6 careful use of basic vocabulary

Age 6-7 precise mathematical communication si basa su age 5-6 careful use of basic vocabolario


Understanding = as 'is the same as' is core to precise symbol use


Using >, =, < correctly exercises precise mathematical communication


Climate zones require distinguishing weather from climate


Climate zones formalize the concept of different weather around the world


Climate zones benefit from understanding Sun drives weather systems


Text-level cohesion extends KS2 cohesive devices within paragraphs

Text-level cohesion estende Primaria cohesive devices within paragraphs


KS3 transitions build on KS2 cohesive devices across paragraphs with ellipsis

Secondaria transitions build on Primaria cohesive devices across paragraphs with ellipsis


Cross-paragraph linking extends KS2 linking ideas across paragraphs with adverbials

Cross-paragraph linking estende Primaria linking ideas across paragraphs with adverbials


Roman numerals to 100 is prerequisite to extending to 1000

Roman numerals to 100 è prerequisito to extending to 1000


KS3 unit conversion extends KS2 (Y6) metric conversion with decimals to area/volume units

Secondaria unit conversion estende Primaria (Anno 6) metric conversion with decimals to area/volume units


Unit conversion draws on 'rate', 'unit rate', and 'scale factor' vocabulary

Unit conversion draws on 'rate', 'unit rate', and 'scale factor' vocabolario


Must understand hundredths before writing decimal equivalents

Deve comprendere hundredths before writing decimal equivalents


Writing decimal equivalents of tenths and hundredths requires decimal point and place-value vocabulary

Writing decimal equivalents of tenths and hundredths richiede decimal point and place-value vocabolario


Cross-domain: global trade (Money & Finance) provides context for supply chains

Cross-domain: global trade (Denaro e finanza) fornisce contesto for supply chains


Must understand costs before seeing how supply chain stages add cost

Deve comprendere costs before seeing how supply chain stages add cost


Must understand goods and services before tracing supply chains

Deve comprendere goods and services before tracing supply chains


KS3 human reproduction (systems, fertilisation, gestation) extends KS2 introduction to offspring and life stages

Secondaria human reproduction (systems, fertilisation, gestation) estende Primaria introduction to offspring and life stages


KS3 heart structure and double circulation extends KS2 introduction to the circulatory system

Secondaria heart structure and double circulation estende Primaria introduction to the circulatory system


The heart's role in the double circulatory system is only meaningful when gas exchange at the lungs is understood


Sourcing — asking who made this and why — is the analytical tool for explaining why accounts of the same event differ


Interrogating historical sources with critical questions builds on the skill of asking and answering questions about key details in non-fiction texts

Interrogating historical sources with critical questions si basa su the skill of asking and answering questions about key details in non-fiction texts


Asking who made a source, when, and why — and interpreting what that means — requires the inference skills developed in English reading comprehension

Asking who made a source, when, and why — and interpreting what that means — richiede the inference skills developed in Inglese reading comprehension


Evaluating a source requires 'primary source', 'secondary source', 'bias' vocabulary

Evaluating a source richiede 'primary source', 'secondary source', 'bias' vocabolario


Sourcing is elaborative interrogation applied to historical documents — asking not just what it says but why it was made


Understanding that feelings and actions are separate requires first being able to name and identify what you are feeling

Understanding that feelings and actions are separate richiede first being able to name and identify what you are feeling


Understanding the feelings-actions separation requires vocabulary to distinguish and name each component

Understanding the feelings-actions separation richiede vocabolario to distinguish and name each component


Comparing themes across cultures requires ability to identify recurring themes and conventions in literature

Comparing themes across cultures richiede ability to identify recurring themes and conventions in literature


Newton's 1st and 2nd laws are defined in terms of resultant force — the concept of balanced and unbalanced forces must be understood first


Gravity (weight = mg) is the main worked example for Newton's laws — mass/weight distinction gives concrete numbers for F = ma


Newton's laws explain why friction and air resistance slow objects down — the KS2 observation of resistance now has a theoretical explanation

Newton's laws explain why friction and air resistance slow objects down — the Primaria observation of resistance now has a theoretical explanation


Must understand AI limitations before evaluating AI-generated content

Deve comprendere AI limitations before evaluating AI-generated content


Understanding training helps grasp how AI generates realistic content


Must know some dinosaur species before comparing their sizes

Deve conoscere some dinosaur species before comparing their sizes


Comparing two-digit numbers using PV requires understanding tens and ones

Comparing two-digit numbers using PV richiede la comprensione tens and ones


Comparing two-digit numbers extends from comparing single-digit written numerals

Comparing two-digit numbers estende from comparing single-digit written numerals


Must understand what a sentence is before learning sentence types

Deve comprendere what a sentence is before learning sentence types


Must know basic sentence punctuation before varying it by type

Deve conoscere basic sentence punteggiatura before varying it by type


Perpendicular lines require understanding right angles


Horizontal/vertical builds on positional vocabulary

Horizontal/vertical si basa su positional vocabolario


Y5-6 homophones (affect/effect, practice/practise) build on the Y3-4 homophone programme

Anno 5-6 homophones (affect/effect, practice/practise) build on the Anno 3-4 homophone programme


Must know the Sun is a sky object before learning it is a star

Deve conoscere the Sun is a sky object before learning it is a star


Must know about the solar system before learning the Sun is at its centre

Deve conoscere about the solar system before learning the Sun is at its centre


Interpreting products is prerequisite to interpreting multiplication as comparison

Interpreting products è prerequisito to interpreting multiplication as comparison


Understanding algorithms helps grasp how voice assistants process commands


Must understand smart devices before exploring voice assistants as a specific smart device

Deve comprendere smart devices before exploring voice assistants as a specific smart device


Must understand singular/plural nouns before matching verbs

Deve comprendere singular/plural nouns before matching verbs


Must know nouns and verbs before learning agreement

Deve conoscere nouns and verbs before learning agreement


Evaluating whether your own writing creates an intended effect requires first understanding how authors' choices create effects on readers — reading like a writer before writing like a reader

Evaluating whether your own writing creates an intended effect richiede first understanding how authors' choices create effects on readers — reading like a writer before writing like a reader


Evaluating whether your writing works requires asking 'why does this passage succeed or fail?' — the elaborative-interrogation habit applied to your own text

Evaluating whether your writing works richiede asking 'why does this passage succeed or fail?' — the elaborative-interrogation abitudine applied to your own text


Rounding to dp/sf extends Y6 rounding to any place

Rounding to dp/sf estende Anno 6 rounding to any place


Understanding wind causes requires knowing what wind is

Understanding wind causes richiede knowing what wind is


Comparing and ordering likelihoods requires first knowing the vocabulary of likelihood (certain, likely, unlikely, impossible)

Comparing and ordering likelihoods richiede first knowing the vocabolario of likelihood (certain, likely, unlikely, impossible)


Must know about jobs/work before understanding producers and consumers in an economy

Deve conoscere about jobs/work before understanding producers and consumers in an economy


Advertising knowledge helps understand how markets influence behaviour


Must understand buying/selling before grasping supply and demand

Deve comprendere buying/selling before grasping supply and demand


Ordering all number types (integers, decimals, fractions) on a number line extends the negative-number number-line representation

Ordering all number types (integers, decimals, fractions) on a number line estende the negative-number number-line representation


Ordering all number types requires understanding place value across the full system

Ordering all number types richiede la comprensione valore posizionale across the full system


Ordering with inequality symbols extends Y6 work with negative numbers in context

Ordering with inequality symbols estende Anno 6 work with negative numbers in context


Root words/inflections build on Y1 morphological awareness

Root words/inflections build on Anno 1 morphological awareness


Suffix spelling rules reinforce understanding of how affixes change words

Suffix ortografia rules reinforce understanding of how affixes change words


Factorising is the reverse of expanding — students need expanding fluency first


Noticing commutativity of addition exercises spotting structural patterns


Recognising teen numbers as 'ten and some more' exercises noticing structure


Framing mistakes as learning uses the vocabulary of feelings management and coping with setback

Framing mistakes as learning uses the vocabolario of feelings management and coping with setback


Understanding that actions have consequences requires the vocabulary word 'consequence' as a named concept

Understanding that actions have consequences richiede the vocabolario word 'consequence' as a named concept


Hyphen use with prefixes connects to prefix knowledge; -fer doubling rules relate to suffix addition after specific roots

Hyphen use with prefixes si connette a prefix knowledge; -fer doubling rules relate to suffix addition after specific roots


Assorted Y5-6 conventions (ough, ei after c, hyphens, -fer doubling) build on etymological spelling pattern knowledge from Y4

Assorted Anno 5-6 conventions (ough, ei after c, hyphens, -fer doubling) build on etymological ortografia pattern knowledge from Anno 4


Comparing lengths/heights requires first identifying length as a measurable attribute

Comparing lengths/heights richiede first identifying length as a measurable attribute


Exoplanet detection depends on understanding the detailed structure of the solar system


Exoplanet detection methods depend on understanding the scale of the universe in nested layers


Understanding how parts build on each other connects to language/structure contribution to meaning

Understanding how parts build on each other si connette a language/structure contribution to meaning


Structural terminology builds on knowing common text types

Structural terminology si basa su knowing common text types


Drawing inferences about characters' feelings and justifying them with evidence is enriched by prior experience predicting what might happen next — both require reading ahead of the literal text

Drawing inferences about characters' feelings and justifying them with evidence is arricchito da prior experience predicting what might happen next — both require reading ahead of the literal text


Inferring characters' feelings/motives with evidence builds on identifying key details and making simple inferences

Inferring characters' feelings/motives with evidence si basa su identifying key details and making simple inferences


Inferring and justifying inferences with text evidence requires the metacognitive habit of checking that the text makes sense as you read — a reader who doesn't self-monitor will miss the cues on which inference depends

Inferring and justifying inferences with text evidence richiede the metacognitive abitudine of checking that the text makes sense as you read — a reader who doesn't self-monitor will miss the cues on which inference depends


Drawing inferences about motivations is enriched by the prior ability to understand and discuss the sequence of events and connections between them — inference relies on understanding what happened and in what order

Drawing inferences about motivations is arricchito da the prior ability to understand and discuss the sequence of events and connections between them — inference relies on understanding what happened and in what order


Drawing inferences from complex texts requires academic vocabulary for reasoning about evidence and argument

Drawing inferences from complex texts richiede academic vocabolario for reasoning about evidence and argument


Describing dissolving and changes of state as reversible requires the vocabulary from the process terms node

Describing dissolving and changes of state as reversible richiede the vocabolario from the process terms node


Must understand dissolving before demonstrating it is reversible

Deve comprendere dissolving before demonstrating it is reversible


Must understand state changes before categorising them as reversible

Deve comprendere state changes before categorising them as reversible


Capitalisation is related punctuation skill

Capitalisation is related punteggiatura skill


Must understand feudal rural society before grasping the significance of urban growth

Deve comprendere feudal rural society before grasping the significance of urban growth


Crusades stimulated trade which fuelled town growth


Tell time to 5 minutes is prerequisite to telling time to nearest minute

Tell time to 5 minutes è prerequisito to telling time to nearest minute


Must recognise 2-D shapes to identify them on 3-D surfaces


Must understand the distinction between 2-D and 3-D to recognise 2-D shapes on 3-D surfaces

Deve comprendere the distinction between 2-D and 3-D to recognise 2-D shapes on 3-D surfaces


Must recognise 3-D shapes to examine their surfaces


Conservation of energy in physical systems connects to exothermic/endothermic reactions — energy is conserved in chemical systems too

Conservation of energia in physical systems si connette a exothermic/endothermic reactions — energia is conserved in chemical systems too


Energy changes during changes of state (endothermic melting, exothermic freezing) extend the changes-of-state model

Energia changes during changes of state (endothermic melting, exothermic freezing) extend the changes-of-state model


Energy changes are a property of chemical reactions — understanding reaction types gives context

Energia changes are a property of chemical reactions — understanding reaction types gives context


Using prepositions for time/cause builds on Y1 prepositions

Using prepositions for time/cause si basa su Anno 1 prepositions


Time/cause conjunctions extend Y2 subordination/co-ordination

Time/cause conjunctions extend Anno 2 subordination/co-ordination


Knowing planet positions helps understand where asteroids and comets are found


Must know about different jobs before exploring how earning works in depth

Deve conoscere about different jobs before exploring how earning works in depth


Must understand coordinates before describing translations between positions

Deve comprendere coordinates before describing translations between positions


Describing translations on a grid requires the grid-based transformation diagram representation

Describing translations on a grid richiede the grid-based transformation diagram representation


Knowing species names helps when assigning them to time periods


Must understand dinosaurs existed long ago before placing them in geological periods

Deve comprendere dinosaurs existed long ago before placing them in geological periods


Placing the Mesozoic periods in order and understanding that different dinosaurs lived in different periods is contextualised by the prior knowledge that dinosaurs varied enormously in size — size variation across time periods supports the concept of evolutionary change

Placing the Mesozoic periods in order and understanding that different dinosaurs lived in different periods is contextualised by the prior knowledge that dinosaurs varied enormously in size — size variation across time periods supporta the concept of evolutionary change


Adding two two-digit numbers requires ability to add ones to a two-digit number

Adding two two-digit numbers richiede ability to add ones to a two-digit number


Adding two two-digit numbers requires ability to add tens to a two-digit number

Adding two two-digit numbers richiede ability to add tens to a two-digit number


Must understand trait variation before explaining how variation provides survival advantages

Deve comprendere trait variation before explaining how variation provides survival advantages


Habitat knowledge supports understanding how adaptations suit specific environments

Habitat knowledge supporta understanding how adaptations suit specific environments


Explaining how variation provides survival advantages requires 'variation', 'species', and 'trait' vocabulary

Explaining how variation provides survival advantages richiede 'variation', 'species', and 'trait' vocabolario


Must observe weather and seasons before understanding weather forecasting purpose


Constructing food webs and understanding interdependence requires food web, producer, decomposer vocabulary

Constructing food webs and understanding interdependence richiede rete alimentare, producer, decomposer vocabolario


KS3 food webs and ecosystem interdependence extends KS2 introduction to food chains with producers, predators and prey

Secondaria food webs and ecosistema interdependence estende Primaria introduction to food chains with producers, predators and prey


Constructing and interpreting food webs requires the food web diagram representation

Constructing and interpreting food webs richiede the rete alimentare diagram representation


Understanding money safety motivates why banks are useful


Must understand saving before learning about banks as saving institutions

Deve comprendere saving before learning about banks as saving institutions


KS3 advanced separation techniques (distillation, chromatography) extend KS2 filtering and evaporating

Secondaria advanced separation techniques (distillation, chromatography) extend Primaria filtering and evaporating


Separation techniques are chosen based on whether a substance is a mixture or pure compound


Partitioning rectangles into unit squares builds on understanding rectangular arrays

Partitioning rectangles into unit squares si basa su understanding rectangular arrays


Must understand feudal hierarchy before examining women's roles within it

Deve comprendere feudal hierarchy before examining women's roles within it


Church context needed for understanding nuns and abbesses


Reading food web arrows requires the same diagram-reading conventions as circuit diagrams — both are directed-graph notations

Reading rete alimentare arrows richiede the same diagram-reading conventions as circuito diagrams — both are directed-graph notations


Fronted adverbials are one of the key mechanisms for linking paragraphs (e.g. Meanwhile, Later that day)


Linking across paragraphs builds on within-paragraph cohesion; learners must achieve cohesion within paragraphs before linking between them

Linking across paragraphs si basa su within-paragraph cohesion; learners must achieve cohesion within paragraphs before linking between them


Complex list punctuation builds on basic comma use in lists

Complex list punteggiatura si basa su basic comma use in lists


Christianity replaced the Greco-Roman gods


Law, Latin, Christianity are products of the Roman Empire