Must identify lines of symmetry before completing symmetric figures


Completing a symmetric figure requires performing a reflection on a grid accurately


Morphological reading (root+prefix+suffix analysis) builds on basic inflectional endings reading


Testing whether a number is in a sequence requires solving a linear equation


Finding nth term requires experience generating and classifying sequences first


Vertical line symmetry in Y2 is prerequisite to finding symmetry lines in multiple orientations


Identifying lines of symmetry requires the ability to draw and interpret reflection on a grid


Rights and responsibilities as a framework requires precise vocabulary distinguishing these two related concepts

Rights and responsibilities as a framework requires precise Vocabolario distinguishing these two related concepts


Rights and responsibilities builds on understanding why rules exist


Must have observed butterfly metamorphosis before studying formal stages with terminology


Finding a half requires equal sharing into 2 groups — a division concept


Must define a design problem before generating and comparing multiple solutions


Plotting in all four quadrants extends first-quadrant coordinate grid plotting skills


KS3 coordinates work extends KS2 four-quadrant coordinate skills


Plotting coordinates in all four quadrants requires understanding positive and negative values on both axes


Noticing the observation/interpretation distinction requires monitoring your own thinking — the universal comprehension-monitoring habit applied to scientific reasoning


Reading your own writing critically requires the self-explanation habit developed in Learning to Learn — recognising what you understand vs. what is unclear

Reading your own writing critically requires the self-explanation habit developed in Imparare ad imparare — recognising what you understand vs. what is unclear


Critical self-reading of writing requires vocabulary to name what is and isn't working: 'coherence', 'tone', 'structure'

Critical self-reading of writing requires Vocabolario to name what is and isn't working: 'coherence', 'tone', 'structure'


Critical independent self-reading of one's own writing builds directly on the prior skill of reading one's own work aloud clearly — the auditory/fluent reading out loud is the mechanism through which children first detect where their writing sounds wrong


Independent writing self-evaluation (8-9) builds directly on the scaffolded version introduced with teacher support (5-7)


Specifying units in measurement exercises precision

Specifying units in Misurazione exercises precision


Fraction notation exercises precise communication


Cross-subject: communicating with mathematical precision (place-value/fraction vocabulary, specifying units) benefits from awareness of technical terminology conventions taught in English

Cross-subject: communicating with mathematical precision (place-value/fraction Vocabolario, specifying units) benefits from awareness of technical terminology conventions taught in Inglese


Comparing share sizes requires experience partitioning into halves and quarters


Y6 terminology includes active/passive which must be taught first


Recording local weather conditions over time requires vocabulary for days, weeks, and months

Recording local weather conditions over time requires Vocabolario for days, weeks, and months


Must observe seasonal changes before recording weather patterns systematically


Understanding Egypt's fall benefits from knowing its economic strengths


Fall of Egypt builds on understanding pharaonic governance


End of Egypt requires understanding the 3000-year timeline


Egypt's end under Cleopatra connects to Roman Republic-to-Empire transition (Octavian/Augustus)


Understanding tooth types enriches understanding of digestion starting in the mouth


Solving inequalities uses the same inverse-operation methods as solving equations


Representing inequality solutions on a number line requires ordering integers, decimals, and fractions together

Representing inequality solutions on a number line requires ordering integers, decimals, and Frazioni together


Must understand habitats and survival needs before understanding group survival strategies


Understanding animal body structures supports reasoning about group behaviour advantages


Ant and bee colonies are the primary examples for curriculum animals-forming-groups-colonies


Savanna herding behaviour parallels curriculum concept of animals forming groups to survive


Must read/understand coordinates before plotting points


Shape classification supports completing polygons on grid


Adding/subtracting tens builds on mentally finding 10 more or less


Adding/subtracting tens requires place value understanding


Proof-reading and revising requires 'draft', 'edit', 'revise', and 'proofread' as named steps in the writing process


Proofreading builds on Y1 revising writing


Knowledge of spelling alternatives needed to proofread spelling


Knowledge of punctuation needed to spot errors


Diffusion in and between cells requires knowing about the cell membrane as a selectively permeable boundary


Understanding bullying impact benefits from perspective-taking


Understanding bullying requires precise vocabulary distinguishing bullying types including 'cyberbullying'

Understanding bullying requires precise Vocabolario distinguishing bullying types including 'cyberbullying'


Understanding bullying builds on knowing right from wrong


Writing algebraic expressions extends writing/interpreting numerical expressions


Solving equations uses order-of-operations understanding


Must know historical exploration before comparing with modern science

Must know historical exploration before comparing with modern Scienze


Research stations context enriches the then-vs-now comparison


Must understand unit fractions to express area parts as 1/b

Must understand unit Frazioni to express area parts as 1/b


Prior partitioning experience feeds into area-fraction work


Understanding noun phrases extends KS2 expanding noun phrases


Phrase/clause analysis extends KS2 relative clauses with relative pronouns/adverbs


Must understand decimal notation to compare decimals


Using decimal multipliers for percentage change requires fraction-decimal fluency


Percentage increase/decrease problems use 'rate', 'proportion', and 'multiplicative relationship' vocabulary

Percentage increase/decrease problems use 'rate', 'proportion', and 'multiplicative relationship' Vocabolario


Percentage increase/decrease extends KS2 percentage calculations


More shares = smaller helps understand why 1/5 < 1/3


Comparing fractions requires understanding them as numbers on a line

Comparing Frazioni requires understanding them as numbers on a line


Understanding that letters are symbols representing sounds provides a framework for grasping how hieroglyphs encode language differently


Scribes are a special job — helps to know about daily life first


Understanding hieroglyphs and papyrus requires these exact terms


Understanding fraction as division supports interpreting 1/3 ÷ 4


Unit-fraction ÷ whole uses inverse relationship with fraction multiplication


Seasonal observation supports understanding sunlight warming effects


Solving problems with fraction data requires unlike-denominator addition


Line plots with fractions extends Y5 line plot with fraction data

Line plots with Frazioni extends Y5 line plot with fraction data


Cloud types build on knowing rain comes from clouds


Rounding 1dp to whole (Y4) is prerequisite to rounding 2dp to whole or 1dp


KS3 text structure analysis extends KS2 identifying how language choices and text structure contribute to meaning


Engineering for extreme weather requires understanding the hazards


Designing for extreme weather parallels curriculum weather-hazard design solutions


Engineering solutions benefit from understanding weather systems


Anglo-Saxon language contributions are a key legacy


Magna Carta is a key legacy item — must understand it first


Cross-domain: Greek/Roman legacy topic provides comparison for medieval legacy


Art and architecture are part of the medieval legacy


Printing press as legacy — must understand it before surveying overall legacies


Prior duration comparison experience feeds into elapsed-time problem solving


Must read time to nearest minute before solving elapsed time problems


Determining appropriate accuracy requires rounding skills


Y6 estimation extends Y5 use-rounding-to-check-answers


Contextualising past behaviour requires first accepting that the same event can look different from different viewpoints — contextualisation is the deeper explanation for why accounts differ


Historical contextualisation requires connecting a person's actions to the world they inhabited — the same connecting habit used across all subjects


Judging historical actions in context draws on era, period, and chronology vocabulary

Judging historical actions in context draws on era, period, and chronology Vocabolario


Representing addition/subtraction with objects and drawings is the core exercise of early quantitative reasoning


Solving word problems within 10 with objects requires translating between situation and representation


Interpreting quotients formalises equal sharing/grouping from Y1


Basic encoding ability needed to spell contracted forms


Spelling contractions builds on reading contractions


Evaluating a speaker's reasoning parallels evaluating an author's purpose and point of view in reading


Identifying a speaker's reasons and evidence builds on evaluating viewpoints and building on others' contributions in discussion


Interpreting idioms, adages, and proverbs requires the foundational ability to recognise nonliteral language


Advanced K-Pg extinction analysis depends on basic K-Pg boundary and Chicxulub impact knowledge


Advanced K-Pg analysis connects with KS3 extinction and natural selection concepts


Length word problems exercise real-world modelling


Line plots from measurement data exercise modelling

Line plots from Misurazione data exercise modelling


Archaeologists studying Egypt parallels palaeontologists studying fossils — both are scientists uncovering the past


Carter's discovery of tomb treasures benefits from knowing about afterlife beliefs


Howard Carter's discovery is about finding a tomb inside a pyramid/valley context


Understanding how we know about Egypt requires 'archaeologist' and 'artefact' vocabulary

Understanding how we know about Egypt requires 'archaeologist' and 'artefact' Vocabolario


Detailed exploration stories build on simple explorer introductions


Understanding Arctic vs Antarctic geography enriches the exploration narrative


Place-value understanding supports reasoning about tens


Multiplying by multiples of 10 requires single-digit fluency


Age 7-8 using structure is prerequisite to age 8-9 level


Dividing by 10/100 exercises place-value structural patterns


Using mathematical structure (distributive property, fraction equivalence) draws on the universal pattern-and-structure habit


Quadrilateral classification exercises using structure (shape hierarchy)


Understanding star brightness and distance helps contextualise different stages of star life


Must know the Sun is a star before learning about star life cycles


Exploration history provides context for why the Treaty was needed

Exploration Storia provides context for why the Treaty was needed


Must understand Antarctic geography before learning about the Treaty governing it


Volume as an attribute formalises Y5 informal volume estimation with cubes


Explaining relationships builds on describing connections


Protractor use exercises strategic tool selection


Age 8-9 strategic tool use is prerequisite to age 9-10 level


Choosing common-denominator approach requires strategic method selection


Calming strategies benefit from naming the emotion you're trying to manage


Calming strategies (calm, breathe, settle) rely on knowing this vocabulary to name and apply the techniques

Calming strategies (calm, breathe, settle) rely on knowing this Vocabolario to name and apply the techniques


Resolving disagreements requires vocabulary for conflict, resolution, and compromise

Resolving disagreements requires Vocabolario for conflict, resolution, and compromise


Conflict resolution builds on understanding friendship qualities


Resolving disagreements benefits from expressing feelings in words


Resolving disagreements through conversation requires the collaborative speaking skills — staying on topic, building on others' contributions — from Speaking & Listening

Resolving disagreements through conversation requires the collaborative speaking skills — staying on topic, building on others' contributions — from Ascolto e parlato


Resolving disagreements builds on listening to others


Cross-subject: providing reasoned justifications for views about texts benefits from constructing logical multi-step arguments in maths


Justified views requires drawing inferences with evidence


Must group organisms by features before formal classification into broad groups


Must use classification keys before understanding formal broad group classification


Must understand what fossils are before learning how they form in detail


Understanding how fossils form (and that fossil evidence is the basis of dinosaur science) is enriched by the prior understanding that dinosaurs are real animals distinct from fictional or commonly-confused creatures — scientific reasoning starts from accurate categorisation

Understanding how fossils form (and that fossil evidence is the basis of dinosaur Scienze) is enriched by the prior understanding that dinosaurs are real animals distinct from fictional or commonly-confused creatures — scientific reasoning starts from accurate categorisation


Curriculum fossil formation topic (GB Y3) directly underpins detailed dinosaur fossil formation understanding


Global atmospheric circulation depends on climate zones


Generalising polygon angle sums exemplifies repeated reasoning


Describing algebraic rules and extending angle facts to any polygon is the mature maths form of the universal generalisation habit


Linear sequences are key Y6 generalisation context


Y6 generalisation extends Y5 repeated reasoning


Requires three-digit place value to understand which digit changes


Finding 10/100 more/less within 1000 extends finding 10 more/less of two-digit numbers


Must know human senses before modelling sense-brain-response pathway in animals


Counting in 4s and 8s extends prior skip counting in 2s, 5s, 10s


Extends KS2 angle sums in triangles and quadrilaterals to general polygons


Expressing angle sum as (n-2)×180 requires algebraic notation for the general formula


Polygon angle sums require fluency with basic angle properties


Self-regulation mastery depends on advanced resilience skills


Advanced self-regulation mastery depends on earlier self-regulation skills


Comma before coordinating conjunction builds on existing comma knowledge from list commas


Learners must understand coordinating conjunctions joining clauses before learning the punctuation rule for compound sentences


Comparing firsthand and secondhand accounts builds on distinguishing author's POV and identifying author's purpose


Fractions/percentages as operators requires understanding percentages as fractions/decimals

Frazioni/percentages as operators requires understanding percentages as Frazioni/decimals


Distinguishing adjectives from adverbs builds on using adjectives in expanded noun phrases


Advanced hormonal regulation depends on understanding neuron structure and signal transmission


Advanced endocrinology and hormonal feedback loops depends on the puberty and hormones overview


Recording probability experiment results in tally charts uses the data-recording skills taught in Data & Statistics

Recording Probabilità experiment results in tally charts uses the data-recording skills taught in Dati e statistiche


Conducting probability experiments and describing results requires knowing the language used to describe likelihood

Conducting Probabilità experiments and describing results requires knowing the language used to describe likelihood


Y4 terminology builds directly on Y3 terminology knowledge


Y4 terminology builds on Y2 terminology knowledge


Y6 formal reasoning extends Y5 multi-step argument construction


Angle-based proofs draw on angle sum knowledge


Disproving 'multiplication always makes bigger' uses scaling concept


Drawing on techniques observed in texts read requires the habit of connecting new information to existing knowledge from reading


Planning narrative like authors requires vocabulary of 'technique', 'structure', 'voice', and 'style'

Planning narrative like authors requires Vocabolario of 'technique', 'structure', 'voice', and 'style'


Authorial techniques planning builds on identifying audience/purpose


Understanding harm to food webs (overfishing) benefits from food web knowledge


Understanding human impact requires ecosystem systems thinking


Distinguishing different coping strategies requires the vocabulary of regulation, triggers, and distress

Distinguishing different coping strategies requires the Vocabolario of regulation, triggers, and distress


Different coping strategies builds on knowing basic calming strategies


Choosing coping strategies benefits from reading body-emotion signals


Position/direction vocabulary supports understanding coordinate grid

Position/direction Vocabolario supports understanding coordinate grid


Describing palaeontological field and lab work includes coprolite analysis as an example of trace fossil interpretation — students who know what coprolites are and what they reveal will understand the breadth of palaeontological methods


Understanding different fossil types helps contextualise what palaeontologists look for


Must understand fossil formation before learning field excavation methods


Understanding how palaeontologists work in the field and lab includes the use of trace fossils like trackways as evidence — having previously studied trackway inference prepares students to understand fieldwork procedures more concretely


Must understand food webs and decomposers before grasping the nutrient cycling paradox


Plant adaptations (buttress roots in thin soil) connect to the poor-soil paradox


Generating patterns from rules exercises repeated reasoning and generalisation


Age 8-9 repeated reasoning is prerequisite to age 9-10 level


Equivalent fraction patterns exercise generalisation


Describing general rules for sequences and predicting terms applies the universal generalisation habit in a mathematical context


Coping toolkit reflection builds on understanding resilience


Reflecting on strategies benefits from goal-setting experience


Building a personal toolkit of self-regulation strategies requires first having noticed the patterns of situations that trigger you and the reactions you typically have


Building a personal toolkit of self-regulation strategies and evaluating which work best is the PSD form of the universal strategy-evaluation habit


Comparing civilisations benefits from understanding Egyptian economy and trade


Legacy and comparison requires understanding how and why Egypt ended


Comparing civilisations requires understanding Egyptian governance model


Legacy topic benefits from understanding Egypt's artistic and architectural achievements


Must know some dinosaurs before distinguishing them from non-dinosaurs


KS3 drawing/measuring extends KS2 protractor and ruler skills


Drawing figures with given dimensions extends KS2 drawing 2D shapes accurately


Must observe magnets attract/repel before formalising pole rules


Adding/subtracting decimals requires reading and comparing decimals to thousandths


Place-value understanding of ×10/÷10 supports decimal regrouping


Decimal addition/subtraction builds on fluent whole-number columnar algorithm


The full BODMAS/PEMDAS convention extends understanding of grouping symbols to all operations


Must be able to measure with tools before comparing measurements in different units


Understanding context requires recognising how language choices serve different purposes


Purpose and audience analysis extends KS2 distinguishing fact from opinion


The plan-do-review cycle requires metacognitive monitoring — you cannot honestly review without being able to survey your own understanding


The plan-do-review cycle is the mature form of the basic planning habit established at age 6-7


Peer pressure as a concept requires knowing the term 'peer pressure' and vocabulary of 'rights' and 'responsibility'

Peer pressure as a concept requires knowing the term 'peer pressure' and Vocabolario of 'rights' and 'responsibility'


Resisting peer pressure builds on decision-making process


Resisting peer pressure benefits from assertive communication skills


Peer pressure resistance builds on bystander/upstander awareness


Advanced decision-making depends on earlier critical thinking skills


Advanced decision-making depends on earlier problem-solving skills


Climate knowledge supports understanding weather-related hazards


Must understand weather hazards before evaluating design solutions to reduce their impacts


Plate boundaries as earthquake cause builds on simpler causal model


Plate boundary mechanisms require knowing what tectonic plates are


Genre comparison builds on comparing themes across texts


Tracing the digestive journey builds on knowing the body needs food for energy

Tracing the digestive journey builds on knowing the body needs food for Energia


Phonemic spelling helps as starting strategy


Need letter recognition for exception word spelling


Understanding how species distribution changes affects food webs and ecosystem interdependence


KS3 species distribution and climate change extends KS2 understanding that environmental change can threaten living things


Interpreting formulae connects to interpreting numerical expressions


Substituting into formulae requires understanding order of operations


KS3 kinetic energy store extends KS2 US understanding that faster-moving objects have more energy

KS3 kinetic Energia store extends KS2 US understanding that faster-moving objects have more Energia


Identifying energy stores and transfer pathways is a formalisation of the energy type vocabulary introduced earlier

Identifying Energia stores and transfer pathways is a formalisation of the Energia type Vocabolario introduced earlier


KS3 energy stores and radiation transfer provides the physics vocabulary for explaining how greenhouse gases re-emit infrared

KS3 Energia stores and radiation transfer provides the physics Vocabolario for explaining how greenhouse gases re-emit infrared


KS3 energy stores model extends KS2 US observation that energy is transferred by sound, light, heat and electric currents

KS3 Energia stores model extends KS2 US observation that Energia is transferred by sound, light, heat and electric currents


Must know what computers are before understanding robots as programmable machines


Counting unit squares is prerequisite to connecting tiling to multiplication


Cross-subject: drawing on information from multiple print/digital sources benefits from the ability to read and interpret tables


Using multiple sources builds on non-fiction text features


Understanding layers requires knowing what a volcano is (motivation for internal structure)


Earth's layers builds on knowing Earth is made of rock


Comparing beyond 1000 is prerequisite to comparing up to 1,000,000


Understanding ×10 place-value relationship supports reading/writing larger numbers


Four-digit place value extends three-digit place value


Efficiency calculations quantify how much energy is conserved vs dissipated — conservation and dissipation must be understood first

Efficiency calculations quantify how much Energia is conserved vs dissipated — conservation and dissipation must be understood first


Work done = force × distance links energy to mechanics — understanding forces as vectors provides the context

Work done = force × distance links Energia to mechanics — understanding forces as vectors provides the context


Calculating energy efficiency as a percentage requires percentage calculation skills from Math

Calculating Energia efficiency as a percentage requires percentage calculation skills from Math


Relating daylight length to time of year draws on orbit and solar system vocabulary

Relating daylight length to time of year draws on orbit and solar system Vocabolario


Seasonal changes observation supports daylight pattern recognition


Transformations on coordinate grids require confident four-quadrant coordinate work


KS3 transformations extend KS2 translation and reflection on coordinate plane


Must understand energy transfer forms before designing an energy conversion device

Must understand Energia transfer forms before designing an Energia conversion device


Explaining genetic vs environmental causes of variation requires first knowing what genes and chromosomes are


KS3 variation within species builds on KS2 recognition that living things can be grouped by observable features


Finding fractions of discrete sets extends finding fractions of shapes/quantities

Finding Frazioni of discrete sets extends finding Frazioni of shapes/quantities


Finding 1/4 of 12 objects connects to division as sharing equally


Unit conversion exercises modelling with appropriate representations


Area of rectangles exercises modelling real-world with multiplication


Age 7-8 modelling is prerequisite to age 8-9 level


Counting in 6s/7s/9s supports learning those table facts


All tables to 12×12 extends knowledge of 3/4/8 tables


Must understand data before training a machine with data


Must understand patterns and sorting before grasping the training process


Subjunctive forms build on understanding of subordination and clause structure


Money safety concepts extend to digital payment safety


Must understand buying transactions before exploring different payment methods


Understanding emotions affect decisions connects to the decision-making process


Emotions influencing decisions builds on body-emotion awareness


Measuring length with units requires first being able to compare lengths directly


Interpreting visual information in non-fiction texts draws on line graph reading skills from Math


Interpreting visual/quantitative information in informational texts builds on using pictures to support comprehension; the step up is from illustrations to charts, graphs, and diagrams


Trigonometry extends Pythagoras by introducing angle-side relationships


Using trig ratios to find unknowns requires formula rearrangement


Tides shape coastal habitats; builds on beach/coast concept


Tides/waves/currents require basic ocean knowledge


Must know polar animals before learning how they are adapted


Polar bear adaptations (blubber, hollow fur) are key examples


Must understand hundredths to identify digit values when dividing by 10/100


Must know decimal notation to express results of dividing by 10/100


Decimal notation for 10ths/100ths is prerequisite to extending to thousandths


Rectangle area/perimeter formulas support finding missing lengths


Quadrilateral classification supports reasoning about rectangle properties


Seismic wave types and Earth interior depends on seismometer and earthquake measurement concepts

Seismic wave types and Earth interior depends on seismometer and earthquake Misurazione concepts


Understanding measurement of length and mass helps children appreciate the scale of engineering involved in moving and lifting multi-tonne stone blocks

Understanding Misurazione of length and mass helps children appreciate the scale of engineering involved in moving and lifting multi-tonne stone blocks


Pyramid construction and Valley of Kings builds on basic pyramids knowledge


Tomb evolution from pyramids to Valley of Kings benefits from timeline context


Explaining how the pyramids were built requires pyramid, obelisk, and engineering vocabulary

Explaining how the pyramids were built requires pyramid, obelisk, and engineering Vocabolario


Seeing AI in daily life motivates understanding what data powers it


Must understand that computers follow instructions before learning about data as their input


Expanding double brackets extends single-bracket expansion using FOIL/grid method


Expanding double brackets requires collecting like terms to simplify the result


Irregular past tense builds on understanding of regular past tense verb formation


Must understand Earth's rotation and orbit before comparing geocentric vs heliocentric models


Integrating several texts builds on integrating two texts


Age 6-7 explaining with diagrams/logic builds on age 5-6 showing and telling with objects


Determining whether equations are true/false exercises evaluating and justifying


Justifying why a+b=b+a exercises logical mathematical argument


Using number facts to solve problems benefits from known addition/subtraction facts


Using PV to solve problems requires understanding tens and ones


Frontier deep ocean exploration technologies depends on ocean exploration tools overview


Frontier deep ocean exploration depends on knowledge of trophic cascades and why deep marine environments matter


Rearranging compound unit formulae (speed = distance/time) uses formula rearrangement skills


Speed, density, and unit pricing are applications of direct/inverse proportion


Compound units (speed, density) require 'compound unit', 'rate', 'speed', and 'density' as named and defined vocabulary

Compound units (speed, density) require 'compound unit', 'rate', 'speed', and 'density' as named and defined Vocabolario


Compound units like speed and density involve proportional relationships visible on proportion graphs


Compound units require confident unit conversion (e.g. km/h to m/s)


Noticing confusion and acting on it requires already knowing that asking for help is a valid response to being stuck


Analysing character motivations requires inference skills


Character traits/motivations analysis builds on Y2-3 character POV and comparison


Must understand the problem (deforestation) before learning about solutions (conservation)


Indigenous knowledge and land rights are a key conservation approach


Must understand polar food chains before comparing full ecosystems


Adaptations knowledge enriches ecosystem comparison


Must understand tundra to compare terrestrial Arctic vs marine Antarctic


Placing fractions on number line requires knowing what fractions are

Placing Frazioni on number line requires knowing what Frazioni are


Counting in tenths supports placing fractions on a number line

Counting in tenths supports placing Frazioni on a number line


Climate connection benefits from knowing ocean geography


Ocean-climate connection benefits from understanding weather vs climate distinction


Ocean-climate connection builds on knowing about currents and evaporation


Ocean as climate engine requires systems thinking


Seasonal observation supports understanding land and water features


Must understand vibrations make sound before finding pitch patterns


Finding patterns in pitch requires 'pitch' vocabulary

Finding patterns in pitch requires 'pitch' Vocabolario


Evaluating author's use of reasons and evidence builds on identifying author's POV and purpose; the step up is from identifying purpose to evaluating the quality of reasoning


Expressing feelings in words benefits from understanding triggers


Expressing feelings in words benefits from calming down first


Must be able to blend sounds within each syllable


Helpful to know alternative GPCs when decoding longer words


Multi-syllable decoding requires syllable awareness


10 more/less generalises the concept of one more/one less to tens


Mentally finding 10 more/less requires understanding that the tens digit changes


Algebraic notation builds on KS2 expressing missing-number problems algebraically


Using letters in expressions extends KS2 simple formulae work


Stellar nucleosynthesis depends on understanding the basics of a star's life cycle


Stellar nucleosynthesis depends on understanding atoms, elements, and isotopes


Knowing plants helps understand what they need


Describing what plants and animals need to survive uses life processes vocabulary: nutrition, growth, sensitivity

Describing what plants and animals need to survive uses life processes Vocabolario: nutrition, growth, sensitivity


Knowing animals helps understand what they need


Food chains explain how animals meet their need for food


Food chains benefit from knowing the variety of animals that eat each other


Showing kindness benefits from recognising emotions in others


Showing kindness meaningfully requires vocabulary for empathy, care, and community

Showing kindness meaningfully requires Vocabolario for empathy, care, and community


Showing kindness benefits from knowing others have feelings


Applying all three properties extends Y2 commutativity understanding


Using properties requires understanding what multiplication means


Distinguishing contact from non-contact forces requires these exact terms


Distinguishing contact and non-contact forces is clarified by drawing force diagrams showing where arrows originate


Must experience contact forces like friction before distinguishing contact vs non-contact forces


Narrator POV influence builds on comparing POV


Representing to 10,000 extends representing to 1000


Representing four-digit numbers requires knowing their place value


Activating prior knowledge requires the foundational habit of persistent engagement with new material


Knowing the solar system's structure and Earth's orbital path provides context for understanding axial tilt and seasons


Explaining seasons through axial tilt requires 'axis', 'tilt', 'orbit', 'solstice', and 'equinox' vocabulary

Explaining seasons through axial tilt requires 'axis', 'tilt', 'orbit', 'solstice', and 'equinox' Vocabolario


Explaining seasons via axial tilt builds on understanding Earth's rotation and the orbital geometry of Earth around the Sun

Explaining seasons via axial tilt builds on understanding Earth's rotation and the orbital Geometria of Earth around the Sun


Monitoring vocabulary gaps requires distinguishing what you genuinely understand from what you have inferred or assumed — the same literal/inferred awareness applied to word knowledge

Monitoring Vocabolario gaps requires distinguishing what you genuinely understand from what you have inferred or assumed — the same literal/inferred awareness applied to word knowledge


Monitoring vocabulary gaps is a form of error and gap analysis — the same habit of investigating what you don't fully know applied to word knowledge

Monitoring Vocabolario gaps is a form of error and gap analysis — the same habit of investigating what you don't fully know applied to word knowledge


The life cycle of stars is understood in the context of the wider universe — galaxies, nebulae, and the scale at which star formation occurs


Must understand responsible AI design before imagining the future of AI


Must understand AI's impact on jobs before envisioning the broader future


Environmental trade-offs inform future AI decisions


Hierarchy includes regular/irregular distinction from Y5


Property-based hierarchy extends Y5 classification by parallel/perpendicular lines


Joined handwriting supports sustained writing stamina


Writing about real events draws on the ability to put feelings into words — the SEL skill of expressing emotions verbally before encoding them in written form


Informative writing skills support writing for different purposes


Writing about real events builds on narrative writing skills


Writing for different purposes requires the vocabulary of purpose, genre, recount, and instruction

Writing for different purposes requires the Vocabolario of purpose, genre, recount, and instruction


Developing a model of geosphere–biosphere–hydrosphere–atmosphere interactions requires interpreting cross-section diagrams of Earth's interior


Modelling geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere interactions draws on geological vocabulary

Modelling geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere interactions draws on geological Vocabolario


Atmosphere topic connects to curriculum geosphere/atmosphere interaction


Must understand climate before modelling atmosphere interactions with other systems


Ocean-climate connection parallels curriculum geosphere/hydrosphere/atmosphere interaction

Ocean-climate connessione Rispecchia curriculum geosfera/idrosfera/atmosfera interazioni.


Must know water distribution before modelling hydrosphere interactions

Bisogna conoscere distribuzione dell'acqua prima di modellizzazione idrosfera interazioni.


Water cycle knowledge supports understanding atmosphere-hydrosphere interactions

ciclo dell'acqua conoscenza Sostiene la comprensione di atmosfera-idrosfera interazioni.


Global effects of eruptions benefits from understanding geosphere/atmosphere interaction

globale effetti of eruzioni Beneficia dalla comprensione di geosfera/atmosfera interazioni.


Modelling Earth systems interactions draws on water cycle vocabulary for the hydrosphere component

modellizzazione Earth sistemi interazioni Si basa su ciclo dell'acqua Vocabolario riguardante the idrosfera componenti.


Advanced adaptive immunity and vaccination science depends on immune system basics covering pathogens and defence responses

Advanced adaptive immunity and vaccination science Dipende da immune sistemi basics covering pathogens and defence responses.


Dividing by 10/100 (Y4 fractions context) is prerequisite to ×÷ by 10/100/1000 with decimals

Dividing by 10/100 (anno 4 fractions contesto) is Prerequisito per ×÷ by 10/100/1000 with decimals.


×10 place-value relationship is prerequisite to ×÷ by powers of 10

×10 valore posizionale relazioni is Prerequisito per ×÷ by powers of 10.


Antagonistic muscles only make sense in the context of how muscles attach to bones via joints

Antagonistic muscles only make sense Nel contesto di how muscles attach to bones via joints.


Microscope technique is learned in the context of observing cells

Microscope tecniche is learned Nel contesto di observing cells.


Choosing vivid and precise words to create effects requires understanding 'technique', 'tone', and 'style'

Choosing vivid and precise parole to creare effetti Richiede understanding 'tecniche', 'tone', and 'style'.


Word choice for effect benefits from register awareness

scelta delle parole for effetti Beneficia da register awareness.


Choosing words for effect builds on oral rehearsal and vocabulary building

Choosing parole for effetti Si basa su oral rehearsal and vocabulary building.


Comparing groups exercises precise use of 'more than', 'fewer than', 'equal'.


Describing position exercises precise use of positional vocabulary.


Cross-subject: using mathematical words precisely when counting/comparing relies on basic noun/verb awareness from English

Cross-subject: using mathematical parole precisely when counting/comparing relies on basic noun/verb awareness from Inglese.


Explaining the function of prepositions in general and in context builds on practical experience using prepositions and adverbs for time, place, and cause

Explaining the function of prepositions in general and in contesto Si basa su pratico experience using prepositions and adverbs for time, place, and causa.


Word functions builds on understanding prepositions

parole functions Si basa su understanding prepositions.


Conjunction functions builds on subordination/coordination

Conjunction functions Si basa su subordination/coordination.


Identifying digit value in 3dp numbers requires reading decimals to thousandths

Identifying digit value in 3dp numbers Richiede reading decimals to thousandths.


Discussion questions builds on asking relevant questions

Discussion questions Si basa su asking relevant questions.


Applying V = IR rules to series and parallel circuits requires Ohm's Law as a working tool

Applying V = IR rules to serie and Rispecchia circuito Richiede Ohm's Law as a working tool.


Applying rules for current, voltage, and resistance in series and parallel circuits requires all this vocabulary

Applying rules for current, voltage, and resistance in serie and Rispecchia circuito Richiede tutta la conoscenza di vocabulary.


KS2 investigation of component variations (brightness/loudness) provides intuitive grounding for series vs parallel behaviour

KS2 investigation of componenti variations (luminosità/volume sonoro) Fornisce la base per capire serie vs Rispecchia comportamento.


Distinguishing literal from inferred requires being able to articulate your own understanding clearly enough to examine its source

Distinguishing literal from inferred Richiede being able to articulate your own understanding clearly enough to examine its fonte.


Distinguishing literal from inferred requires first being able to monitor whether you have actually understood — you must notice comprehension before you can interrogate its source

Distinguishing literal from inferred Richiede first being able to monitor whether you have actually understood — you must notice comprehension before you can interrogate its fonte.


Division as equal sharing/grouping requires understanding subtraction as taking away/separating

Division as equal sharing/grouping Richiede understanding subtraction as taking away/separating.


Advanced responsible decision-making depends on earlier civic responsibility concepts

Advanced responsible decision-making Dipende da earlier civic responsibility concepts.


Advanced responsible decision-making depends on earlier decision-making skills

Advanced responsible decision-making Dipende da earlier decision-making abilità.


Responsible decision-making mastery depends on ethical decision-making skills

Responsible decision-making mastery Dipende da ethical decision-making abilità.


Ocean animal adaptations connect to curriculum adaptation/evolution concepts

Ocean animal adaptations Si connette a curriculum adaptation/evolution concepts.


Within GB sequence, knowing life changed over time supports understanding adaptation; US teaches adaptation earlier without this prerequisite

all'interno GB sequence, knowing life changed over time Sostiene la comprensione di adaptation; US teaches adaptation earlier without this prerequisite.


Understanding that adaptation may lead to evolution requires both 'adaptation' and 'evolution' vocabulary

Understanding that adaptation may lead to evolution Richiede sia 'adaptation' che 'evolution' vocabulary.


Must understand variation provides survival advantages before connecting adaptation to evolution

Bisogna capire variation Fornisce survival advantages before connecting adaptation to evolution.


Environmental change knowledge supports understanding why adaptation matters for survival

Environmental cambiare conoscenza Sostiene la comprensione di why adaptation matters for survival.


Upper/Lower Egypt geography builds on basic Egypt-on-map and Nile knowledge

Upper/Lower Egypt geography Si basa su basic Egypt-on-map and Nile conoscenza.


Understanding how ecosystems and habitats work enriches the study of the Nile valley as a life-giving ecosystem surrounded by desert.


Irrigation and farming detail builds on knowing about daily Egyptian life

Irrigation and farming detail Si basa su knowing about daily Egyptian life.


Explaining irrigation and the Nile delta requires 'delta', 'irrigation', 'shaduf' vocabulary

Explaining irrigation and the Nile delta Richiede 'delta', 'irrigation', 'shaduf' vocabulary.


Parenthetical punctuation extends KS2 brackets, dashes, commas for parenthesis

Parenthetical punctuation Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo brackets, dashes, commas for parenthesis.


Extends KS2 colon to introduce lists, semi-colons within lists

Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo colon to introduce lists, semi-colons all'interno lists.


Advanced punctuation extends KS2 semi-colons, colons, dashes between clauses

Advanced punctuation Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo semi-colons, colons, dashes between clauses.


Ocean-climate concept benefits from knowing salt/fresh water distribution

Ocean-climate concept Beneficia da knowing salt/fresh distribuzione dell'acqua.


Must know where water is found before graphing salt water vs fresh water distribution

Bisogna conoscere where water is found prima di graphing salt water vs fresh distribuzione dell'acqua.


Graphing water distribution builds on maths data representation skills

Graphing distribuzione dell'acqua Si basa su maths data representation abilità.


Must know what minibeasts are before learning to care for them

Bisogna conoscere what minibeasts are prima di learning to care for them.


Understanding food chains motivates why minibeasts matter

Understanding catena alimentare motivates why minibeasts matter.


Decimal quotients require understanding of decimal place value and powers of 10

Decimal quotients Richiede understanding of decimal valore posizionale and powers of 10.


Written division with decimal answers extends long division skills

Written division with decimal answers Estende long division abilità.


Recognising that interpretation is shaped by context — including the historian's own time and perspective — builds on the contextualisation habit

Recognising that interpretazione is shaped by contesto — incluso the historian's own time and perspective — Si basa su the contextualisation habit.


Distinguishing evidence from interpretation requires analysing where claims come from and what might be wrong with them — the universal error-analysis habit applied to historical argument

Distinguishing prova from interpretazione Richiede analysing where affermazione come from and what might be wrong with them — the universal error-analysis habit applied to historical argument.


Distinguishing evidence from interpretation requires sourcing skill — you must understand who made the evidence and why before you can see that interpretations are layered on top

Distinguishing prova from interpretazione Richiede sourcing abilità — you Bisogna capire who made the prova and why before you can see that interpretazione are layered on top.


Distinguishing evidence from interpretation requires both these terms as precise vocabulary

Distinguishing prova from interpretazione Richiede both these termini as precise vocabulary.


Understanding that the same evidence supports different interpretations requires first having practised comparing sources through corroboration

Understanding that the same prova Sostiene different interpretazione Richiede first having practised comparing fonte through corroboration.


Distinguishing historical evidence from interpretation requires careful reading of informational sources — a skill developed through English non-fiction comprehension

Distinguishing historical prova from interpretazione Richiede careful reading of informational fonte — a abilità developed through Inglese non-fiction comprehension.


Must know basic plant needs before exploring how needs vary between plants

Bisogna conoscere basic plant needs prima di exploring how needs vary between plants.


Feudal system context shows how Church power paralleled secular power

Feudal sistemi contesto shows how Church power paralleled secular power.


Must understand medieval daily life before grasping the Church's pervasive influence over it

Bisogna capire medieval daily life before grasping the Church's pervasive influence over it.


Word problems require fraction multiplication skills

parole problemi Richiede fraction multiplication abilità.


Solving real-world fraction multiplication problems is supported by the ability to visualise the computation using the fractional area tiling model

Solving real-world fraction multiplication problemi is supported by the ability to visualise the computation using the area frazionaria modello di piastrellatura.


Scaling concept helps estimate whether answers are reasonable

Scaling concept Aiuta a estimate whether answers are reasonable.


Coordinate-plane translations/reflections extend Y5 informal transformations

Coordinate-plane translations/reflections Estende anno 5 informal transformations.


Transformations on coordinate plane require four-quadrant coordinates

Transformations on coordinate plane Richiede four-quadrant coordinates.


Drawing and describing translations and reflections on coordinate planes is the direct application of transformation diagram skills

Drawing and describing translations and reflections on coordinate planes is the direct applicazioni of transformation diagram abilità.


Wave properties and the wave equation build directly on the wave model (amplitude, wavelength, frequency) introduced in upper KS2/early secondary

Wave properties and the wave equation costruire directly on the wave model (amplitude, wavelength, frequency) introduced in upper KS2/early secondary.


Describing waves in terms of amplitude, wavelength, and frequency requires these exact terms

Describing waves in termini of amplitude, wavelength, and frequency Richiede these exact termini.


Vibrating materials producing sound is a concrete anchor for understanding wave motion.


Roman engineering from 7-9 is prerequisite for analysing Roman architectural innovations

Roman engineering from 7-9 is Prerequisito per analysing Roman architectural innovations.


Parthenon is the key example of Greek architecture

Parthenon is the key esempio of Greek architecture.


Multi-step A+S to 10M extends Y5 multi-step A+S problems

Multi-step A+S to 10M Estende anno 5 multi-step A+S problemi.


Problems to 10M require reading/comparing numbers to 10M

problemi to 10M Richiede reading/comparing numbers to 10M.


Multi-step problems may involve decimal addition/subtraction

Multi-step problemi may comporta decimal addition/subtraction.


Making-ten strategy requires knowing bonds to 10

Making-ten strategie Richiede knowing bonds to 10.


Strategies for within-20 calculation build on fluent within-10 knowledge

strategie for all'interno-20 calculation Si basa su fluent all'interno-10 conoscenza.


Business idea provides context for what to market

Business idea Fornisce il contesto per what to market.


Must understand customers before learning to reach them through marketing

Bisogna capire customers before learning to reach them through marketing.


Counting to 1000 by 5s/10s/100s extends skip counting from Year 2

Counting to 1000 by 5s/10s/100s Estende conteggio per intervalli from Year 2.


Understanding multiples of 100 supports skip counting by 100s

Understanding multiples of 100 Sostiene conteggio per intervalli by 100s.


Ocean animal needs are contextualised by knowing what the ocean is.


Direct speech punctuation introduces the concept of embedding one structure within another; parenthesis similarly embeds additional information

discorso diretto punctuation introduces the concept of embedding one structure all'interno another; parenthesis similarly embeds additional information.


Parenthetical commas are a new comma use; learners need secure comma-in-lists knowledge before learning commas for parenthesis

Parenthetical commas are a new comma use; learners need secure comma-in-lists conoscenza before learning commas for parenthesis.


Must know that indigenous peoples live in rainforests before learning about their deep ecological knowledge

Bisogna conoscere that indigenous peoples live in rainforests prima di learning about their deep ecological conoscenza.


One-to-one correspondence requires knowing the number name sequence

One-to-one correspondence Richiede knowing the number name sequence.


Must know about landforms before designing solutions to prevent wind/water erosion

Bisogna conoscere about landforms prima di designing soluzioni to prevent wind/water erosion.


Must know insect body plan to appreciate feats relative to body structure.


Must understand fossils as evidence before evaluating how artists use them

Bisogna capire fossile as prova before evaluating how artists use them.


Feathered dinosaur knowledge directly affects palaeoart reconstruction accuracy

Feathered dinosaur conoscenza directly affects palaeoart reconstruction accuracy.


Line plots build on data interpretation skills

Line plots Si basa su data interpretazione abilità.


Generating measurement data requires measuring lengths with tools

Generating measurement data Richiede measuring lengths with tools.


Questioning own assumptions requires precise vocabulary of 'assumption', 'bias', and 'perspective'

Questioning own assumptions Richiede precise Vocabolario riguardante 'assumption', 'bias', and 'perspective'.


Noticing that your first read of a situation might be wrong requires awareness of your own patterns of assumption and reaction

Noticing that your first read of a situation might be wrong Richiede awareness of your own patterns of assumption and reaction.


Questioning your assumptions about social situations requires first having practised the harder skill of seeing yourself from another person's perspective

Questioning your assumptions about sociale situations Richiede first having practised the harder abilità of seeing yourself from another person's perspective.


Questioning your assumptions about why someone acted a certain way is elaborative interrogation applied to social cognition — asking 'why do I think this?' rather than accepting the first explanation

Questioning your assumptions about why someone acted a certain way is elaborative interrogation applied to sociale cognition — asking 'why do I think this?' rather than accepting the first explanation.


KS3 purity and formulations extends KS2 dissolving and solutions

KS3 purity and formulations Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo dissolving and soluzioni.


Purity is defined at the atomic/molecular level — distinguishing compounds from mixtures requires atoms/elements knowledge

Purity is defined at the atomic/molecular level — distinguishing compounds from mixtures Richiede conoscenza di atoms/elements.


Understanding division as unknown-factor supports short division strategy

Understanding division as sconosciuto-factor Sostiene short division strategie.


Fluent ×÷ within 100 is prerequisite to short division of larger numbers

Fluent ×÷ all'interno 100 is Prerequisito per short division of larger numbers.


Informative writing requires knowing 'genre', 'audience', 'purpose', and 'detail' as concepts

Informative writing Richiede knowing 'genre', 'audience', 'purpose', and 'detail' as concepts.


Oral rehearsal precedes informative writing.


Fairness understanding builds on perspective-taking ability

Fairness understanding Si basa su perspective-taking ability.


The distinction between fairness, equality, and equity requires knowing these three terms as distinct concepts

The distinction between fairness, equality, and equity Richiede knowing these three termini as distinct concepts.


Measuring earthquakes benefits from knowing where they occur

Measuring earthquakes Beneficia da knowing where they occur.


Measuring earthquakes requires understanding what causes them

Measuring earthquakes Richiede understanding what causa them.


Understanding why place value matters contrasts with Roman numeral system

Understanding why valore posizionale matters contrasts with Roman numeral sistemi.


Identifying right angles requires understanding what an angle is

Identifying right angles Richiede understanding what an angle is.


Identifying right angles and turns is supported by the convention of marking right angles with a small square.


Right angles as quarter turns extends Y2 turn vocabulary

Right angles as quarter turns Estende anno 2 turn vocabulary.


Money arithmetic experience feeds into calculating measures including money

Money arithmetic experience feeds into calculating measures incluso money.


Standard unit measurement is prerequisite to estimating and calculating measures

Standard unit measurement is Prerequisito per estimating and calculating measures.


Understanding dissolving and solutions requires 'dissolve', 'solution', 'soluble', 'insoluble' from the process vocabulary node

Understanding dissolving and soluzioni Richiede 'dissolve', 'soluzioni', 'soluble', 'insoluble' from the process vocabulary node.


Must understand solubility as a property before learning dissolving and recovery in detail

Bisogna capire solubility as a property before learning dissolving and recovery in detail.


Evaporation knowledge supports understanding recovery of dissolved substances

Evaporation conoscenza Sostiene la comprensione di recovery of dissolved substances.


Comparing beyond 1000 extends comparing to 1000

Comparing beyond 1000 Estende comparing to 1000.


Comparing four-digit numbers requires four-digit PV

Comparing four-digit numbers Richiede four-digit PV.


Ordering and comparing numbers over 1000 requires the full 10,000 representations toolkit

Ordering and comparing numbers over 1000 Richiede the full 10,000 representations toolkit.


Breaking tasks into steps is a self-regulation strategy; vocabulary of being overwhelmed and managing setbacks is helpful

Breaking tasks into steps is a self-regulation strategie; Vocabolario riguardante being overwhelmed and managing setbacks is helpful.


The SEL skill of breaking a big task into manageable steps parallels and builds on the mathematical practice of planning a step-by-step approach to complex problems

The SEL abilità of breaking a big task into manageable steps Rispecchia and Si basa su the mathematical practice of planning a step-by-step approccio to complex problemi.


Breaking tasks into steps builds on growth mindset perseverance

Breaking tasks into steps Si basa su growth mindset perseverance.


Exploring area/perimeter relationship requires area and perimeter formula knowledge

Exploring area/perimeter relazioni Richiede conoscenza di area and perimeter formule.


Must understand contractions before using apostrophes in writing

Bisogna capire contractions before using apostrophes in writing.


Basic punctuation knowledge supports apostrophe use

Basic punctuation conoscenza Sostiene apostrophe use.


Must understand possessive apostrophe to use it in writing

Bisogna capire possessive apostrophe to use it in writing.


Year 2 progressive forms (is drumming, was shouting) introduced the concept; G4 extends to all three progressive tenses

Year 2 progressive forms (is drumming, was shouting) introduced the concept; G4 Estende to all three progressive tenses.


Progressive tenses build on simple tenses; learners must control simple past/present/future before forming progressive (was walking, am walking, will be walking)

Progressive tenses Si basa su simple tenses; learners must control simple past/present/future before forming progressive (was walking, am walking, will be walking).


Co-evolutionary arms race concept depends on predator strategies and prey defences

Co-evolutionary arms race concept Dipende da predator strategie and prey defences.


Red Queen hypothesis and evolutionary arms races depends on structural and behavioural adaptations

Red Queen hypothesis and evolutionary arms races Dipende da structural and behavioural adaptations.


Triangle area formula (½ × b × h) requires understanding multiplying by ½

Triangle area formule (½ × b × h) Richiede understanding multiplying by ½.


Triangle/parallelogram area extends rectangle area formula

Triangle/parallelogram area Estende rectangle area formule.


Using area formulae connects to the general skill of using formulae

Using area formule Si connette a the general abilità of using formule.


Must identify parallelograms/triangles and understand base/height as geometric properties.


Deepens basic Roman soldiers/builders from 5-7

Approfondisce basic Roman soldiers/builders from 5-7.


Advanced figurative language analysis requires the reading skill of analysing word choice in context

Advanced linguaggio figurato analysis Richiede the reading abilità of analysing scelta delle parole in contesto.


Connotation/denotation distinction extends KS2 antonyms and synonyms

Connotation/denotation distinction Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo antonyms and synonyms.


KS3 figurative language nuance extends KS2 evaluating how authors use figurative language

KS3 linguaggio figurato nuance Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo evaluating how authors use linguaggio figurato.


Greece & Rome geography builds on Ancient Egypt geography — both Mediterranean civilisations, Egypt came first chronologically

Greece & Rome geography Si basa su Antico Egitto geography — both Mediterranean civilisations, Egypt came first chronologically.


Pyramids as tombs benefit from knowing pharaohs were powerful rulers

Pyramids as tombs Beneficia da knowing pharaohs were powerful rulers.


Recognising pyramids as a named 3D geometric shape makes study of the Great Pyramid's physical structure more concrete.


Describing the pyramids and Sphinx requires 'pyramid', 'sphinx', and related vocabulary

Describing the pyramids and Sphinx Richiede 'pyramid', 'sphinx', and related vocabulary.


Distinguishing 2-D from 3-D requires knowing what 2-D shapes are

Distinguishing 2-D from 3-D Richiede knowing what 2-D shapes are.


Distinguishing 2-D from 3-D requires knowing what 3-D shapes are

Distinguishing 2-D from 3-D Richiede knowing what 3-D shapes are.


Describing 3-D properties (edges, vertices, faces) requires knowing the shapes first

Describing 3-D properties (edges, vertices, faces) Richiede knowing the shapes first.


Counting edges, vertices, and faces is reinforced by analysing nets where each face is visible as a separate 2-D shape

Counting edges, vertices, and faces is reinforced by analysing nets where each face is visible as a separare 2-D shape.


Formal property description extends informal analysis of shapes

Formal property description Estende informal analysis of shapes.


Wider emotion vocabulary builds on naming basic emotions

Wider emotion vocabulary Si basa su naming basic emotions.


Thermohaline circulation mechanics depends on ocean and climate connections

Thermohaline circulation mechanics Dipende da ocean and climate connections.


Verb tense variety builds on perfect tense

tempi verbali variety Si basa su tempo perfetto.


Verb tense variety builds on progressive tenses

tempi verbali variety Si basa su progressive tenses.


Four-digit operations require four-digit place-value understanding

Four-digit operations Richiede four-digit valore posizionale understanding.


Four-digit columnar methods extend three-digit columnar methods

Four-digit metodi in colonna Estende three-digit metodi in colonna.


Selecting measurement tools exercises strategic tool use.


Choosing mental vs written method exercises strategic tool selection

Choosing mental vs written metodi exercises strategic tool selection.


Age 7-8 strategic tool use builds on age 6-7

Age 7-8 strategic tool use Si basa su age 6-7.


Simultaneous equations graphically requires plotting two linear graphs on the same axes

Simultaneous equations graphically Richiede plotting two linear graphs on the same axes.


Understanding simultaneous equations requires fluency with single linear equations

Understanding simultaneous equations Richiede fluency with single linear equations.


KS2 finding pairs satisfying an equation with two unknowns is a precursor to simultaneous equations.


Advanced dinosaur biomechanics analysis depends on understanding basic dinosaur body plans and locomotion

Advanced dinosaur biomechanics analysis Dipende da understanding basic dinosaur body plans and locomotion.


Need to recognise 2-D shapes before composing them into composites.


Composing 2-D shapes at Grade 1 level extends the Kindergarten concept of composing simple shapes

Composing 2-D shapes at grado 1 level Estende the Kindergarten concept of composing simple shapes.


Glucose and oxygen enter cells by diffusion to fuel aerobic respiration.


Aerobic respiration uses oxygen obtained through gas exchange — the supply mechanism must be understood first.


Mammals vs fish distinction benefits from knowing ocean animal variety

Mammals vs fish distinction Beneficia da knowing ocean animal variety.


Adding/subtracting to 20 procedurally requires knowing the number bonds

Adding/subtracting to 20 procedurally Richiede knowing the number bonds.


Atmospheric CO₂ and climate change connects to the carbon cycle already covered in Ecosystems & Habitats

Atmospheric CO₂ and climate cambiare Si connette a the carbon cycle already covered in Ecosistemi e habitat.


KS3 atmospheric composition and CO2 climate role anchors the deeper radiation physics of why CO2 specifically traps heat.


Wild/farm/pet distinction builds on knowing animals exist everywhere

Wild/farm/pet distinction Si basa su knowing animals exist everywhere.


Wild/farm/pet distinction enriched by curriculum animal group identification

Wild/farm/pet distinction Arricchito da curriculum animal group identification.


Advanced spoken language skill builds on earlier speaking concepts

Advanced spoken language abilità Si basa su earlier speaking concepts.


Direct speech punctuation requires secure sentence punctuation

discorso diretto punctuation Richiede secure sentence punctuation.


Understanding sentence types supports writing dialogue

Understanding sentence types Sostiene writing dialogue.


Must examine rocks before understanding how fossils form within rock

Must examine rocks before understanding how fossile form all'interno rock.


Understanding living vs dead supports understanding what gets fossilised

Understanding living vs dead Sostiene la comprensione di what gets fossilised.


Mental add/sub with 3-digit numbers and ones feeds into larger-number mental methods

Mental aggiungere/sub with 3-digit numbers and ones feeds into larger-number metodi mentali.


×10 place-value relationship supports mental strategies with large numbers

×10 valore posizionale relazioni Sostiene mental strategie with large numbers.


Castles provide the physical context for understanding knights who lived and served in them

Castles Fornisce the physical contesto for understanding knights who lived and served in them.


Must understand needs vs wants to critically evaluate advertising

Bisogna capire needs vs wants to critically evaluate advertising.


Buying experience provides context for understanding advertising pressure

Buying experience Fornisce il contesto per understanding advertising pressure.


Advanced emotional literacy skills depends on earlier emotional expression concepts

Advanced emotivo capacità di lettura e scrittura abilità Dipende da earlier emotivo expression concepts.


Emotional literacy mastery depends on advanced emotion regulation skills

emotivo capacità di lettura e scrittura mastery Dipende da advanced emotion regulation abilità.


Writing fraction sentences (1/2 of 6 = 3) requires understanding the = sign

Writing fraction sentences (1/2 of 6 = 3) Richiede understanding the = sign.


Writing fractions and recognising equivalence requires knowing what the fractions mean

Writing fractions and recognising equivalence Richiede knowing what the fractions significato.


Writing fractions and recognising equivalence requires 'equivalent fraction' vocabulary

Writing fractions and recognising equivalence Richiede 'equivalent fraction' vocabulary.


Naming acute/obtuse angles exercises precision in geometric vocabulary.


Age 7-8 precision is prerequisite to age 8-9 level

Age 7-8 precision is Prerequisito per age 8-9 level.


Stating area in correct square units exercises measurement precision.


Decomposing rectilinear figures supports finding missing sides for perimeter

Decomposing rectilinear figures Sostiene finding missing sides for perimeter.


Y4 perimeter of polygons is prerequisite to composite rectilinear perimeter

anno 4 perimeter of polygons is Prerequisito per composite rectilinear perimeter.


Basic concept that knowledge of the past comes from evidence underpins this topic

Basic concept that conoscenza of the past comes from prova underpins this topic.


Historical Thinking source evaluation skills underpin Greek/Roman evidence evaluation

Pensiero storico fonte evaluation abilità underpin Greek/Roman prova evaluation.


Pompeii is a key source of evidence discussed in this topic

Pompeii is a key fonte of prova discussed in this topic.


Pottery paintings are a key evidence type for Greek history

Pottery paintings are a key prova type for Greek historia.


Measuring time in units requires understanding time comparison language first

Measuring time in units Richiede understanding time comparison language first.


Wave model supports understanding patterns used for information transfer

Wave model Sostiene la comprensione di patterns used for information transfer.


Must have built a simple communication device before comparing multiple information transfer solutions

Must have built a simple comunicazione device before comparing multiple information transfer soluzioni.


KS3 voice and mood extends KS2 passive voice

KS3 voice and mood Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo voce passiva.


Understanding verb mood extends KS2 subjunctive form in formal writing

Understanding verb mood Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo subjunctive form in formal writing.


Analysing grammatical impact extends KS2 identifying how language choices contribute to meaning

Analysing grammatical impact Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo identifying how language choices contribute to meaning.


Analysing authorial grammatical choices is enriched by understanding active/passive voice and verb moods as tools authors use deliberately

Analysing authorial grammatical choices is Arricchito dalla comprensione di active/voce passiva and verb moods as tools authors use deliberately.


Analysing grammar as a writer's tool requires understanding sentence variety

Analysing grammar as a writer's tool Richiede understanding sentence variety.


Using talk to explore ideas and speculate requires noticing what you don't yet understand — the comprehension-monitoring habit in a spoken register

Using talk to explore ideas and speculate Richiede noticing what you don't yet understand — the comprehension-monitoring habit in a spoken register.


Understanding modal verbs is enriched by the prior study of present perfect, which also expresses nuanced relationships between time and action

Understanding modal verbs is Arricchito da the prior study of present perfezionare, which also expresses nuanced relazioni between time and action.


Standard English verb inflections provide the base forms that modals modify

Standard Inglese verb inflections Fornisce the base forms that modals modificare.


Modal verbs express degrees of possibility and are understood within the broader framework of verb tense and aspect

Modal verbs express degrees of possibility and are understood all'interno the broader framework of tempi verbali and aspect.


Modal verbs modify main verbs to express possibility/necessity; learners need a secure grasp of simple verb tenses before adding modal modifiers

Modal verbs modificare main verbs to express possibility/necessity; learners need a secure grasp of simple tempi verbali before adding modal modifiers.


Understanding hundredths is prerequisite to working with 10ths and 100ths together

Understanding hundredths is Prerequisito per working with 10ths and 100ths together.


Generating equivalent fractions supports converting 10ths to 100ths

Generating equivalent fractions Sostiene converting 10ths to 100ths.


KS3 rock cycle (igneous/sedimentary/metamorphic) provides material science context for plate boundary processes

KS3 rock cycle (igneous/sedimentary/metamorphic) Fornisce material science contesto for plate boundary processes.


The rock cycle requires prior knowledge of rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) and their observable properties

The rock cycle Richiede conoscenza di prior of rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) and their observable properties.


Understanding that soils are derived from weathered rock provides concrete grounding for rock cycle weathering and erosion processes

Understanding that soils are derived from weathered rock Fornisce concrete grounding for rock cycle weathering and erosion processes.


Advanced cooperation skills depends on earlier group work concepts

Advanced cooperazione abilità Dipende da earlier group work concepts.


Advanced cooperation skills depends on foundational advanced friendship skills

Advanced cooperazione abilità Dipende da foundational advanced friendship abilità.


Sequencing events in narrative writing draws on the ordinal/sequential thinking developed through counting

Sequencing events in narrative writing Si basa su the ordinal/sequential thinking developed through counting.


Writing simple narratives requires 'narrative', 'sequence', 'beginning', 'middle', 'ending' as shared vocabulary

Writing simple narratives Richiede 'narrative', 'sequence', 'beginning', 'middle', 'ending' as shared vocabulary.


Oral rehearsal precedes written narrative.


Story elements from reading inform writing

storia elements from reading inform writing.


Handwriting needed for written narrative.


Recognising fractions of shapes/quantities is prerequisite to formal unit fraction understanding

Recognising fractions of shapes/quantities is Prerequisito per formal unit fraction understanding.


Understanding a/b as a parts of 1/b requires numerator, denominator, and unit fraction vocabulary

Understanding a/b as a parts of 1/b Richiede numerator, denominator, and unit fraction vocabulary.


Partition into equal shares is prerequisite to understanding unit fractions

Partition into equal shares is Prerequisito per understanding unit fractions.


Biodiversity loss connects to species endangerment

Biodiversity loss Si connette a species endangerment.


Predator-prey relationships are key component of ecosystem balance

Predator-prey relazioni are key componenti of ecosystem balance.


Biodiversity requires understanding adaptation as basis for species diversity

Biodiversity Richiede understanding adaptation as Base per species diversity.


Symbiosis is an important aspect of biodiversity and ecosystem health.


Insects as pollinators/decomposers are key to understanding ecosystem services.


Irregular and collective plurals build on regular plural noun formation

Irregular and collective plurals Si basa su regular plural noun formation.


Cultural shaping of emotions builds on knowing people mask/hide feelings

Cultural shaping of emotions Si basa su knowing people mask/hide sentimenti.


Greece & Rome legacy capstone benefits from Egypt legacy comparison — chain of cultural transmission

Greece & Rome legacy capstone Beneficia da Egypt legacy comparison — chain of cultural transmission.


Law, Latin, Christianity are key Roman legacies.


Alexander's conquests explain how Greek ideas spread

Alexander's conquests spiegare how Greek ideas spread.


Explaining events/procedures/causes builds on describing connections in informational text; the step up is from identifying connections to explaining what happened and why

Explaining events/procedure/causa Si basa su describing connections in informational testi; the step up is from identifying connections to explaining what happened and why.


Understanding which multiple is closer uses comparison skills

Understanding which multiple is closer uses comparison abilità.


Rounding to nearest 1000 requires four-digit PV understanding

Rounding to nearest 1000 Richiede four-digit PV understanding.


Patience benefits from calming strategies when waiting is hard

Patience Beneficia da calming strategie when waiting is hard.


Patience and waiting practice requires understanding the vocabulary of coping and managing big feelings

Patience and waiting practice Richiede understanding the Vocabolario riguardante coping and managing big sentimenti.


Understanding Egypt's diplomatic and military relationships with neighbours depends on Egyptian economy and trade networks

Understanding Egypt's diplomatic and military relazioni with neighbours Dipende da Egyptian economy and trade networks.


Must build circuits before predicting whether a lamp will light

Must costruire circuito before predicting whether a lamp will light.


Collecting like terms requires knowing what terms, coefficients, and like terms mean

Collecting like termini Richiede knowing what termini, coefficients, and like termini significato.


Must create models before comparing test results of two designs

Must creare models before comparing test results of two designs.


Must gather/record data before analysing data from design tests

Must gather/record data before analysing data from progettare tests.


Prior number-line fraction experience feeds into formal unit-fraction placement.


Must understand unit fractions before placing them on number line

Bisogna capire unit fractions before placing them on number line.


Dividing in a given ratio requires 'ratio', 'part-to-part', and 'part-to-whole' vocabulary

Dividing in a given ratio Richiede 'ratio', 'part-to-part', and 'part-to-whole' vocabulary.


Dividing a quantity in a given ratio is the natural next step from the bar model representation.


Dividing quantities in a ratio extends KS2 unequal sharing problems

Dividing quantities in a ratio Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo unequal sharing problemi.


Dividing in a ratio requires understanding ratio notation and simplification first

Dividing in a ratio Richiede understanding ratio notation and simplification first.


Need to understand words before using them

Need to understand parole before using them.


Recognising tense shifts is enriched by knowledge of progressive tenses, which are a common source of unintentional shifts

Recognising tense shifts is Arricchito da conoscenza of progressive tenses, which are a common fonte of unintentional shifts.


Correcting tense shifts requires understanding tense use

Correcting tense shifts Richiede understanding tense use.


Correcting inappropriate tense shifts requires secure use of simple past, present, and future tenses

Correcting inappropriate tense shifts Richiede secure use of simple past, present, and future tenses.


Trophic cascades and overfishing depends on human ocean harm overview

Trophic cascades and overfishing Dipende da human ocean harm overview.


Advanced friendship skills depends on earlier cooperation concepts

Advanced friendship abilità Dipende da earlier cooperazione concepts.


Advanced friendship skills depends on earlier social skills

Advanced friendship abilità Dipende da earlier sociale abilità.


Must know land and water features before learning where water is found on Earth

Bisogna conoscere land and water features prima di learning where water is found on Earth.


Understanding state changes supports knowing water as solid (ice) and liquid

Understanding state changes Sostiene knowing water as solid (ice) and liquid.


Cross-section visualisation extends KS2 building 3D shapes and making nets

Cross-section visualisation Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo building 3D shapes and making nets.


KS3 3D shape properties extend KS2 identifying 3D shapes from 2D representations

KS3 3D shape properties Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo identifying 3D shapes from 2D representations.


Counting unit squares for area supports extending to counting unit cubes for volume

Counting unit squares for area Sostiene extending to counting unit cubes for volume.


Volume formula derives from counting-cubes understanding

Volume formule derives from counting-cubes understanding.


Computing l×w×h requires multi-digit multiplication

Informatica l×w×h Richiede multi-digit multiplication.


Understanding sentences supports knowing where to place commas

Understanding sentences Sostiene knowing where to place commas.


Must know basic punctuation before learning comma usage

Bisogna conoscere basic punctuation prima di learning comma usage.


Must know what a rainforest is before describing sensory experience

Bisogna conoscere what a rainforest is prima di describing sensory experience.


Systematic scientific measurement builds on understanding measurable attributes from maths

Systematic scientific measurement Si basa su understanding measurable attributes from maths.


Must observe closely before taking systematic measurements.


Skip counting in 2s, 5s, 10s requires fluent rote counting by ones first

conteggio per intervalli in 2s, 5s, 10s Richiede fluent rote counting by ones first.


Understanding earthquake causes builds on knowing what an earthquake is

Understanding earthquake causa Si basa su knowing what an earthquake is.


Exploratory five senses in detail complements curriculum body parts and senses topic (GB Y1)

Exploratory five senses in detail complements curriculum body parts and senses topic (GB anno 1).


Senses send messages to brain; understanding senses helps understand why brain receives signals

Senses send messages to brain; understanding senses Aiuta a understand why brain receives signals.


Rock types benefit from knowing Earth has hot interior (explains melting for igneous)

Rock types Beneficia da knowing Earth has hot interior (explains melting for igneous).


Volcanic rock types topic parallels curriculum rocks classification

Volcanic rock types topic Rispecchia curriculum rocks classification.


Igneous rock concept links to lava cooling from volcanoes

Igneous rock concept collegamenti to lava cooling from volcanoes.


Rock types build on knowing Earth is made of rock

Rock types Si basa su knowing Earth is made of rock.


Explaining part-part-whole decompositions exercises showing and telling.


Explaining how to find number bonds to 10 exercises showing thinking with objects.


Explaining mathematical reasoning orally requires basic listening and responding skills

Explaining mathematical reasoning orally Richiede basic listening and responding abilità.


Making predictions supports presenting findings with explanations

Making predictions Sostiene presenting findings with explanations.


Scientific reporting with conclusions builds on writing composition/opinion skills

Scientific reporting with conclusions Si basa su writing composition/opinion abilità.


Producing a well-organised science report depends on the planning and pre-writing strategies developed in English composition

Producing a well-organised science report Dipende da the planning and pre-writing strategie developed in Inglese composition.


Presenting scientific findings with conclusions mirrors the structure of an informative/explanatory text with supporting facts taught in English

Presenting scientific findings with conclusions mirrors the structure of an informative/explanatory testi with supporting facts taught in Inglese.


Must record complex data before presenting findings with causal relationships and trust assessment

Must record complex data before presenting findings with causal relazioni and trust assessment.


Reporting causal relationships and a degree of trust in results requires the elaborative-interrogation habit of asking why things are true

Reporting causal relazioni and a degree of trust in results Richiede the elaborative-interrogation habit of asking why things are true.


Representing weather data in graphical displays requires the bar chart and time graph skills taught in Math

Representing weather data in graphical displays Richiede the bar chart and time graph abilità taught in Math.


Must record weather observations before organising data in tables and graphs for seasonal patterns.


Weather data graphing builds on maths scaled bar chart skills

Weather data graphing Si basa su maths scaled bar chart abilità.


Representing seasonal weather data draws on precipitation and evaporation vocabulary

Representing seasonal weather data Si basa su precipitation and evaporation vocabulary.


Reading fluency supports reading aloud own writing

Reading fluency Sostiene reading aloud own writing.


Understanding imbalanced diet consequences requires knowing what a balanced diet looks like

Understanding imbalanced diet consequences Richiede knowing what a balanced diet looks like.


Finding factor pairs requires fluent table knowledge

Finding factor pairs Richiede conoscenza di fluent table.


Using commutativity in factor pairs draws on properties understanding

Using commutativity in factor pairs Si basa su properties understanding.


Understanding component variations supports interpreting and drawing circuit diagrams

Understanding componenti variations Sostiene interpreting and drawing circuito diagrams.


Must understand circuit behaviour before representing circuits with formal symbols

Bisogna capire circuito comportamento before representing circuito with formal symbols.


Y3-4 statutory word list builds on Y1-Y2 exception words spelling

anno 3-4 statutory parole list Si basa su anno 1-anno 2 exception parole spelling.


Alternative spellings knowledge supports learning statutory words

Alternative spellings conoscenza Sostiene learning statutory parole.


Using ancient sources (Cicero, Plutarch) requires evidence evaluation skills

Using ancient fonte (Cicero, Plutarch) Richiede prova evaluation abilità.


Must understand Republic-to-Empire transition before analysing its causes in depth

Bisogna capire Republic-to-Empire transition before analysing its causa in depth.


DNA structure depends on Punnett squares and inheritance patterns

DNA structure Dipende da Punnett squares and inheritance patterns.


Punnett squares and allele inheritance require a firm understanding of genes and chromosomes

Punnett squares and allele inheritance Richiede a firm understanding of genes and chromosomes.


Must know polar bears live in Arctic (not Antarctic) from the comparison topic.


Robot knowledge provides concrete comparison point for human vs machine

Robot conoscenza Fornisce concrete comparison point for human vs machine.


Must understand how machines learn before meaningfully comparing human vs machine capabilities

Bisogna capire how machines learn before meaningfully comparing human vs machine capabilities.


Being willing to revise a hypothesis requires first distinguishing observation from interpretation — you can only update your interpretation if you recognise it as separate from the data

Being willing to rivedere a hypothesis Richiede first distinguishing observation from interpretazione — you can only update your interpretazione if you recognise it as separare from the data.


Changing your mind when evidence contradicts your prediction is the science form of the universal error-analysis habit — treating surprises as information rather than failures

Changing your mind when prova contradicts your prediction is the science form of the universal error-analysis habit — treating surprises as information rather than failures.


Rainforest food webs enrich curriculum food chains topic (exploratory age 7 -> curriculum age 8)

Rainforest rete alimentare enrich curriculum catena alimentare topic (exploratory age 7 -> curriculum age 8).


Nutrition knowledge supports understanding why animals occupy different trophic levels

Nutrition conoscenza Sostiene la comprensione di why animals occupy different trophic levels.


Must understand simple food chains before constructing complex ones with producer/predator/prey terminology

Bisogna capire simple catena alimentare before constructing complex ones with producer/predator/prey terminology.


Constructing and interpreting food chains requires producer, consumer, predator, prey vocabulary

Constructing and interpreting catena alimentare Richiede producer, consumer, predator, prey vocabulary.


Ocean food webs build on curriculum food chains with trophic levels

Ocean rete alimentare Si basa su curriculum catena alimentare with trophic levels.


Coordinate system builds on understanding perpendicular lines

Coordinate sistemi Si basa su understanding perpendicular lines.


Mental add/sub of ones to three-digit numbers requires knowing place value

Mental aggiungere/sub of ones to three-digit numbers Richiede knowing valore posizionale.


Fluent within-100 skills support mental three-digit + ones

Fluent all'interno-100 abilità Sostiene mental three-digit + ones.


Must understand sentences before spacing words

Bisogna capire sentences before spacing parole.


Must understand data before learning how computers find patterns in it

Bisogna capire data before learning how computers find patterns in it.


Simple tenses including future extend past/present tense and progressive form knowledge

Simple tenses incluso future Estende past/present tense and progressive form conoscenza.


Must know consonant digraphs before learning alternative consonant GPCs

Bisogna conoscere consonant digraphs prima di learning alternative consonant GPCs.


Must know common vowel digraphs before learning alternative representations

Bisogna conoscere common vowel digraphs prima di learning alternative representations.


Must know single letter sounds before learning alternatives

Bisogna conoscere single letter sounds prima di learning alternatives.


Alternative GPCs build on basic blending ability

Alternative GPCs Si basa su basic blending ability.


Must understand dinosaurs existed before learning about their global distribution

Bisogna capire dinosaurs existed before learning about their globale distribution.


Understanding that different dinosaurs lived on different continents is enriched by the prior knowledge that different dinosaurs lived in different time periods — both are dimensions of dinosaur geographic/temporal distribution

Understanding that different dinosaurs lived on different continents is Arricchito da the prior conoscenza that different dinosaurs lived in different time periods — both are dimensions of dinosaur geographic/temporal distribution.


Evidence for evolution supports the theory of evolution by natural selection — the mechanism to be evidenced should be understood first

prova for evolution Sostiene the theory of evolution by natural selection — the mechanism to be evidenced should be understood first.


Understanding kingship helps grasp the succession crisis of 1066

Understanding kingship Aiuta a grasp the succession crisis of 1066.


Must understand Viking-Saxon struggle and Edward the Confessor before studying 1066

Bisogna capire Viking-Saxon struggle and Edward the Confessor before studying 1066.


Cross-domain: understanding historical evidence (Historical Thinking) enriches use of Bayeux Tapestry as source

Cross-domain: understanding historical prova (Pensiero storico) enriches use of Bayeux Tapestry as fonte.


Knowing about space and planets provides context for understanding astronauts

Knowing about space and planets Fornisce il contesto per understanding astronauts.


Deep understanding of = requires already being able to read and write number sentences

Deep understanding of = Richiede already being able to read and write number sentences.


Noticing similarities and differences among people draws on vocabulary of community, fair, and care

Noticing similarities and differences among people Si basa su Vocabolario riguardante community, fair, and care.


Counting in tens from any number builds on skip counting in tens from 0

Counting in tens from any number Si basa su conteggio per intervalli in tens from 0.


Counting in tens from non-multiples requires understanding that adding 10 changes the tens digit

Counting in tens from non-multiples Richiede understanding that adding 10 changes the tens digit.


Advanced neuroscience covering synapse function and neurotransmission depends on nervous system basics

Advanced neuroscience covering synapse function and neurotransmission Dipende da nervous sistemi basics.


Sorting and categorising objects uses the same counting/cardinality skills from maths

Sorting and categorising objects uses the same counting/cardinality abilità from maths.


Climate science methodology depends on climate change basics

Climate science methodology Dipende da climate cambiare basics.


Print concepts support illustration-text relationship

Print concepts Sostiene illustration-testi relazioni.


Animal homes builds on knowing animals live everywhere

Animal homes Si basa su knowing animals live everywhere.


Explaining orbital motion as gravity-driven centripetal force requires knowing what is in orbit (planets, moons) from the solar system topic

Explaining orbital motion as gravity-driven centripetal force Richiede knowing what is in orbit (planets, moons) from the solar sistemi topic.


Universal gravity and orbital mechanics build directly on mass vs weight and the concept that gravitational field strength varies between planets

Universal gravity and orbital mechanics costruire directly on mass vs weight and the concept that gravitational field strength varies between planets.


Distinguishing own POV from author's extends identifying author's reasons/supporting points

Distinguishing own POV from author's Estende identifying author's motivi/supporting points.


Academic vocabulary deployment extends KS2 formal vs informal vocabulary

Academic vocabulary deployment Estende ciò insegnato in KS2 riguardo formal vs informal vocabulary.


Acquiring new vocabulary requires word-solving strategies to learn words independently

Acquiring new vocabulary Richiede parole-solving strategie to learn parole independently.


Naming specific bones builds on knowing the body has a skeleton that supports and protects

Naming specific bones Si basa su knowing the body has a skeleton that Sostiene and protects.


Evaluating speaker builds on identifying speaker's evidence

Evaluating speaker Si basa su identifying speaker's prova.


Relative motion requires first being able to calculate and describe speed — without that foundation, comparing speeds of different observers is abstract

Relative motion Richiede first being able to calculate and describe speed — without that foundation, comparing speeds of different observers is abstract.


Food webs benefit from knowing animal classification groups

rete alimentare Beneficia da knowing animal classification groups.


Food webs extend simple food chains to interconnected networks

rete alimentare Estende simple catena alimentare to interconnected networks.


Counting legs and observing movement prepares for formal body plan study.


Must recognise common minibeasts before studying insect anatomy in detail.


Fraction as sum of unit fractions supports understanding improper fractions

Fraction as sum of unit fractions Sostiene la comprensione di improper fractions.


Understanding whole numbers as fractions supports mixed↔improper conversion

Understanding whole numbers as fractions Sostiene mixed↔improper conversion.


Converting between mixed numbers and improper fractions requires both terms

Converting between mixed numbers and improper fractions Richiede both termini.


Advanced empathy skills depends on earlier perspective-taking

Advanced empathy abilità Dipende da earlier perspective-taking.


Advanced empathy depends on earlier empathy foundations

Advanced empathy Dipende da earlier empathy foundations.


Angle sum rules (360° at a point, 180° on a line) are applied through reading angle diagrams with correct notation.


Angle facts (at a point = 360°) require degree system knowledge

Angle facts (at a point = 360°) Richiede conoscenza di degree sistemi.


Understanding survival needs supports understanding growth and development

Understanding survival needs Sostiene la comprensione di growth and development.


Animal babies topic enriched by curriculum coverage of offspring and life stages

Animal babies topic Arricchito da curriculum coverage of offspring and life stages.


Must know animal groups before learning about offspring and life stages

Bisogna conoscere animal groups prima di learning about offspring and life stages.


Must know light sources before understanding shadow patterns

Bisogna conoscere light fonte prima di understanding shadow patterns.


Must understand opaque materials block light before understanding shadow formation

Bisogna capire opaque materials block light before understanding shadow formation.


Explaining shadow formation requires 'opaque' and 'light source' vocabulary

Explaining shadow formation Richiede 'opaque' and 'light fonte' vocabulary.


Must understand general life cycles before detailing human developmental stages

Bisogna capire general life cycles before detailing human developmental stages.


Describing stages of the human life cycle draws on organ system vocabulary

Describing stages of the human life cycle Si basa su organ sistemi vocabulary.


Physiological mechanisms of extreme environment survival depends on polar animal adaptations

Physiological mechanisms of extreme environment survival Dipende da polar animal adaptations.


Deep-sea extreme environment survival depends on symbiosis and mutualistic relationships

Deep-sea extreme environment survival Dipende da symbiosis and mutualistic relazioni.


Must know rainforest plants before classifying them

Bisogna conoscere rainforest plants prima di classifying them.


Must know rainforest animals before classifying them into groups

Bisogna conoscere rainforest animals prima di classifying them into groups.


Evaluating whether a maths solution is reasonable applies the universal comprehension-monitoring habit

Evaluating whether a maths soluzioni is reasonable applies the universal comprehension-monitoring habit.


Choosing strategies for adding within 20 requires planning and evaluating approaches

Choosing strategie for adding all'interno 20 Richiede planning and evaluating approaches.


Planning a mathematical approach is the domain-specific application of the universal task-planning habit

Planning a mathematical approccio is the domain-specific applicazioni of the universal task-planning habit.


Planning approaches to word problems within 20 exercises this skill

Planning approaches to parole problemi all'interno 20 exercises this abilità.


Age 6-7 problem-solving builds directly on age 5-6 problem-sense-making

Age 6-7 problemi-solving builds directly on age 5-6 problemi-sense-making.


Interpreting distance–time graphs requires understanding compound units such as metres per second or km/h

Interpreting distance–time graphs Richiede understanding compound units come metres per second or km/h.


Informational text structure (chronology, cause/effect, problem/solution) builds on text structure terminology knowledge

Informational testi structure (chronology, causa/effetti, problemi/soluzioni) Si basa su testi structure terminology conoscenza.