Types of chemical reaction are specific categories of chemical change — the physical/chemical distinction must come first


Displacement reactions require understanding that metals differ in reactivity — metal properties provide the context


The exploratory weather/climate water cycle topic provides an accessible entry point before the formal KS3 treatment

The exploratory weather/climate water cycle topic provides an accessible entry point before the formal Secondaria treatment


The KS3 water cycle (including transpiration and surface runoff) builds directly on KS2 understanding of evaporation and condensation

The Secondaria water cycle (including transpiration and surface runoff) builds directly on Primaria understanding of evaporation and condensation


Identifying key details supports determining what the story's message is

Identifying key details supporta determining what the story's message is


Determining central message requires ability to retell stories and identify key details

Determining central message richiede ability to retell stories and identify key details


Identifying audience, purpose, form, tone, and register before writing requires all these as named vocabulary

Identifying audience, purpose, form, tone, and register before writing richiede all these as named vocabolario


Formal/informal register awareness supports matching tone to audience and purpose

Formal/informal register awareness supporta matching tone to audience and purpose


Identifying audience and purpose before writing builds on general planning skills; the step up is from planning content to strategically matching form and tone to audience

Identifying audience and purpose before writing si basa su general planning skills; the step up is from planning content to strategically matching form and tone to audience


Identifying audience and purpose before writing requires understanding how authorial choices shape reader experience — you are now making those choices deliberately

Identifying audience and purpose before writing richiede la comprensione how authorial choices shape reader experience — you are now making those choices deliberately


Identifying audience and purpose before writing is the writing-domain form of the universal planning habit

Identifying audience and purpose before writing is the writing-domain form of the universal planning abitudine


Articulating what helped in the learning process requires the self-explanation habit

Articulating what helped in the learning process richiede the self-explanation abitudine


Reflecting on the learning process requires the ability to analyse errors — reflection without error analysis stays superficial

Reflecting on the learning process richiede the ability to analyse errors — reflection without error analysis stays superficial


Fact vs opinion builds on identifying author's point of view

Fact vs opinion si basa su identifying author's point of view


Location near Equator explains why the climate is tropical


Must know what a rainforest is before understanding its tropical climate in detail

Deve conoscere what a rainforest is before understanding its tropical climate in detail


Understanding world weather patterns helps understand tropical climate (Weather 7-9 -> Rainforests 7-9)

Understanding world weather patterns helps understand tropical climate (Weather 7-9 -> Foreste pluviali 7-9)


Must generate equivalent fractions to find common denominators


Same-denom add/sub is prerequisite to related-denom add/sub

Same-denom add/sub è prerequisito to related-denom add/sub


The gas exchange system is an organ system — hierarchy concept provides structural context


Gas exchange at the alveoli is driven by diffusion — the mechanism must be understood first


Describing the scale of the universe using light years and galaxies draws on this vocabulary

Describing the scale of the universe using luce years and galaxies draws on this vocabolario


Gravity as a universal force provides context for why galaxies hold together and for the orbital dynamics at galactic scale

Gravity as a universal force fornisce contesto for why galaxies hold together and for the orbital dynamics at galactic scale


Understanding the wider universe (galaxies, light years) extends the KS2 concept that the Sun is a nearby star and brightness varies with distance

Understanding the wider universe (galaxies, luce years) estende the Primaria concept that the Sun is a nearby star and brightness varies with distance


Advanced social awareness depends on earlier empathy skills


Advanced social awareness depends on foundational advanced empathy skills


Measuring weathering and erosion rates requires 'weathering', 'erosion', and 'deposition' vocabulary

Measuring weathering and erosion rates richiede 'weathering', 'erosion', and 'deposition' vocabolario


Must understand erosion prevention before measuring weathering/erosion effects systematically

Deve comprendere erosion prevention before measuring weathering/erosion effects systematically


Rock properties knowledge supports understanding how weathering breaks down different rocks

Rock properties knowledge supporta understanding how weathering breaks down different rocks


Developed narrative requires craft vocabulary including 'structure', 'voice', 'technique', and 'style'

Developed narrative richiede craft vocabolario including 'structure', 'voice', 'technique', and 'style'


Developed narrative with settings/characters/plot builds on simple sequential narrative writing

Developed narrative with settings/characters/plot si basa su simple sequential narrative writing


Word problems to 20 require the procedural ability to add/subtract to 20


Word problems to 20 extend from word problems within 10 — same problem structures at a higher range


Understanding vibrating materials and sound requires 'vibration' vocabulary

Understanding vibrating materials and suono richiede 'vibrazione' vocabolario


Must understand how sound works before designing a communication device using it

Deve comprendere how suono works before designing a communication device using it


Understanding main topic and key details of informational texts supports discussing how items of information are related

Understanding main topic and key details of informational texts supporta discussing how items of information are related


Retelling key details builds on Y1 key details and inference

Retelling key details si basa su Anno 1 key details and inference


Listening comprehension supports understanding text structure

Ascolto comprehension supporta understanding text structure


Sequence and central message build on Y1 story elements

Sequence and central message build on Anno 1 story elements


Expressive reading supports comprehension of sequence and meaning

Expressive reading supporta comprehension of sequence and meaning


Reading/writing to 1000 extends reading/writing to 100

Reading/writing to 1000 estende reading/writing to 100


Expanded form requires understanding hundreds, tens, ones

Expanded form richiede la comprensione hundreds, tens, ones


Must understand switches and circuits before investigating voltage effects

Deve comprendere switches and circuits before investigating voltage effects


Associating brightness with voltage requires 'voltage', 'current', and 'series circuit' vocabulary

Associating brightness with voltage richiede 'voltage', 'current', and 'series circuito' vocabolario


Energy transfer concept supports understanding voltage as energy per charge

Energia transfer concept supporta understanding voltage as energia per charge


Republic-to-Empire needs Roman society context from 7-9


Comparing Republic and Empire requires understanding Athenian democracy first

Comparing Republic and Empire richiede la comprensione Athenian democracy first


Fraction as sum of unit fractions is prerequisite to decomposing and adding/subtracting

Frazione as sum of unit fractions è prerequisito to decomposing and adding/subtracting


Y4 add/sub fractions same denom is prerequisite to decomposition and joining/separating

Anno 4 add/sub fractions same denom è prerequisito to decomposition and joining/separating


Drawing picture/bar graphs extends organising and representing data

Drawing picture/bar graphs estende organising and representing data


Substitution requires understanding algebraic notation

Substitution richiede la comprensione algebraic notation


10ths as 100ths supports using decimal notation for both

10ths as 100ths supporta using decimal notation for both


Y4 decimal equivalents of 10ths/100ths is prerequisite to formal decimal notation for fractions

Anno 4 decimal equivalents of 10ths/100ths è prerequisito to formal decimal notation for fractions


Using decimal notation for fractions requires decimal, tenths, and hundredths vocabulary

Using decimal notation for fractions richiede decimal, tenths, and hundredths vocabolario


Environmental change knowledge supports understanding how resource use affects environment

Environmental change knowledge supporta understanding how resource use affects environment


Must understand energy transfer before learning about natural resources as energy sources

Deve comprendere energia transfer before learning about natural resources as energia sources


Describing how energy and fuels affect the environment requires 'renewable', 'non-renewable', and 'fossil fuel' vocabulary

Describing how energia and fuels affect the environment richiede 'renewable', 'non-renewable', and 'fossil fuel' vocabolario


Must ask questions before learning to observe closely


Making/describing 3-D shapes requires knowing their properties (edges, vertices, faces)

Making/describing 3-D shapes richiede knowing their properties (edges, vertices, faces)


Drawing 2-D shapes requires knowing their properties

Drawing 2-D shapes richiede knowing their properties


Drawing 2-D shapes and making 3-D shapes from materials is supported by being able to sketch and interpret nets


Roman soldiers build on knowing Rome exists as a civilisation


Scribes' elite status benefits from understanding the social hierarchy

Scribes' elite status beneficia da understanding the social hierarchy


Knowing how the English alphabet maps symbols to sounds enriches the study of Champollion's decipherment of the hieroglyphic code on the Rosetta Stone

Knowing how the Inglese alphabet maps symbols to sounds enriches the study of Champollion's decipherment of the hieroglyphic code on the Rosetta Stone


Rosetta Stone and Champollion builds on basic hieroglyphs and scribes

Rosetta Stone and Champollion si basa su basic hieroglyphs and scribes


Understanding scaling requires knowing how fraction multiplication works

Understanding scaling richiede knowing how frazione multiplication works


Relating n/n × a/b to equivalence connects to equivalent fractions

Relating n/n × a/b to equivalence si connette a equivalent fractions


Interpreting fraction multiplication as scaling is enriched by the prior area-model experience of tiling fractional rectangles, which makes the resizing effect concrete

Interpreting frazione multiplication as scaling is arricchito da the prior area-model experience of tiling fractional rectangles, which makes the resizing effect concrete


Understanding sentence structure supports expressive phrasing

Understanding sentence structure supporta expressive phrasing


Wider GPC knowledge supports fluent reading

Wider GPC knowledge supporta fluent reading


Expressive reading builds on basic reading fluency

Expressive reading si basa su basic reading fluency


Categorisation supports understanding shades of meaning

Categorisation supporta understanding shades of meaning


Probability as a fraction requires expressing one quantity as a fraction of another

Probabilità as a frazione richiede expressing one quantity as a frazione of another


The formal KS3 treatment of probability as a 0-1 scale with fairness and equally-likely outcomes formalises what was practised in the age-10-11 calculation node

The formal Secondaria treatment of probability as a 0-1 scale with fairness and equally-likely outcomes formalises what was practised in the age-10-11 calculation node


Commas after fronted adverbials is a specific clarity use; this topic generalises that pattern to all ambiguity-prevention contexts


Commas for clarity build on basic comma knowledge; learners must use commas in lists before understanding how commas prevent ambiguity


Mental calculations with mixed ops/large numbers extends Y5 mental A+S

Mental calculations with mixed ops/large numbers estende Anno 5 mental A+S


Mental strategies build on understanding of formal multiplication


Gladiators and Pompeii extend Roman daily life and engineering topics


Colosseum and gladiators are part of imperial Roman culture


Pompeii's destruction by Vesuvius connects to basic volcano knowledge from Volcanoes domain

Pompeii's destruction by Vesuvius si connette a basic volcano knowledge from Volcanoes domain


Making a product helps understand what customers want


Must understand buyers and sellers before exploring customer concept in depth

Deve comprendere buyers and sellers before exploring customer concept in depth


Animal babies builds on knowing animals live in diverse environments

Animal babies si basa su knowing animals live in diverse environments


Multimedia presentations builds on visual displays

Multimedia presentations si basa su visual displays


Moments and pressure are applications of force — understanding forces as vectors and resultant forces provides the foundation


KS3 moments and mechanical advantage extends KS2 introduction to levers, pulleys and gears allowing smaller force for greater effect

Secondaria moments and mechanical advantage estende Primaria introduction to levers, pulleys and gears allowing smaller force for greater effect


Understanding order of operations (BODMAS) is required before studying how operations undo each other via inverse relationships


Fluency with all four operations in context is required before formalising inverse relationships between them


Error intervals require understanding rounding to specified accuracy


Ordering multiple adjectives by conventional pattern builds on the foundational skill of using expanded noun phrases

Ordering multiple adjectives by conventional pattern si basa su the foundational skill of using expanded noun phrases


Ordering adjectives within expanded noun phrases requires prior facility with expanding NPs using modifiers

Ordering adjectives within expanded noun phrases richiede prior facility with expanding NPs using modifiers


Correctly ordering adjectives is enriched by the prior distinction between adjectives (modifying nouns) and adverbs (modifying verbs)

Correctly ordering adjectives is arricchito da the prior distinction between adjectives (modifying nouns) and adverbs (modifying verbs)


Adjective order requires familiarity with adjective types; comparative/superlative work establishes adjective awareness

Adjective order richiede familiarity with adjective types; comparative/superlative work establishes adjective awareness


Nocturnal animals often use homes (burrows, dens) as daytime shelters


Nocturnal animals builds on knowing animals exist in diverse environments

Nocturnal animals si basa su knowing animals exist in diverse environments


Acquiring the specialist vocabulary of historical thinking (source, bias, chronology, corroborate) builds on the academic vocabulary development taught in English

Acquiring the specialist vocabolario of historical thinking (source, bias, chronology, corroborate) si basa su the academic vocabolario development taught in Inglese


Counting backwards through zero extends counting backwards within 1000

Counting backwards through zero estende counting backwards within 1000


Listening and responding supports learning prepositions

Ascolto and responding supporta learning prepositions


Energy resources convert between energy stores — understanding the energy stores model gives the conceptual framework for comparing resources

Energia resources convert between energia stores — understanding the energia stores model gives the conceptual framework for comparing resources


Evaluating fossil fuels vs renewables links directly to atmospheric CO₂, climate change, and resource depletion


Rock pools are a coastal habitat; benefits from knowing about coasts

Rock pools are a coastal habitat; beneficia da knowing about coasts


Rock pool exploration benefits from knowing ocean animals are diverse

Rock pool exploration beneficia da knowing ocean animals are diverse


Seasons concept benefits from knowing Earth orbits Sun

Seasons concept beneficia da knowing Earth orbits Sun


Must know the Sun-centred system before understanding Earth's rotation and orbit within it

Deve conoscere the Sun-centred system before understanding Earth's rotazione and orbit within it


Eruption types build on volcano classification


Eruption types benefit from plate boundary context


Eruption types depend on understanding magma and internal volcano structure


Understanding group roles requires vocabulary including 'mediator', 'leader', and 'peer pressure'

Understanding group roles richiede vocabolario including 'mediator', 'leader', and 'peer pressure'


Understanding group roles builds on group work experience

Understanding group roles si basa su group work experience


Ecosystems as systems builds on food web understanding

Ecosystems as systems si basa su rete alimentare understanding


Ecosystem concept requires understanding different ocean zones

Ecosistema concept richiede la comprensione different ocean zones


Ocean ecosystems concept enriched by curriculum concept that environments change

Ocean ecosystems concept arricchito da curriculum concept that environments change


Describing connections in informational text builds on identifying main topic and key details

Describing connections in informational text si basa su identifying main topic and key details


Identifying logical connections between paragraphs builds on multi-paragraph main idea work

Identifying logical connections between paragraphs si basa su multi-paragraph main idea work


Cross-subject: understanding informational text connections (e.g. texts with charts/graphs) benefits from data representation literacy in maths

Cross-subject: understanding informational text connections (e.g. texts with charts/graphs) beneficia da data representation literacy in maths


Must understand basic money safety before learning about sophisticated scams

Deve comprendere basic money safety before learning about sophisticated scams


Must understand digital payments before learning about online financial fraud

Deve comprendere digital payments before learning about online financial fraud


Cross-domain: understanding AI-generated fake content (AI) enriches online scam awareness (Money & Finance)

Cross-domain: understanding AI-generated fake content (AI) enriches online scam awareness (Denaro e finanza)


Wave interactions with materials (absorption, transmission, reflection) require the wave properties framework

Onda interactions with materials (absorption, transmission, reflection) require the onda properties framework


Analysing how different materials interact with different EM waves requires understanding the full EM spectrum

Analysing how different materials interact with different EM waves richiede la comprensione the full EM spectrum


Explaining patterns uses properties of operations


Spotting patterns in tables requires knowing the facts

Spotting patterns in tables richiede knowing the facts


Understanding ceramics, polymers and composites is enriched by knowledge of metal and non-metal properties

Understanding ceramics, polymers and composites is arricchito da knowledge of metal and non-metal properties


Must know the planet names before learning features of each

Deve conoscere the planet names before learning features of each


Must observe closely before performing simple tests


Understanding linear graphs requires confident coordinate plotting

Understanding linear graphs richiede confident coordinate plotting


Interpreting y = mx + c requires substitution to generate coordinate pairs

Interpreting y = mx + c richiede substitution to generate coordinate pairs


Recognising the relationship between y=mx+c and its graph requires moving fluently between algebraic and graphical representations

Recognising the relationship between y=mx+c and its graph richiede moving fluently between algebraic and graphical representations


Fraction-of-quantity skills support measure/money problems

Frazione-of-quantity skills support measure/money problems


Fraction addition/subtraction supports measure/money problem-solving

Frazione addition/subtraction supporta measure/money problem-solving


Must understand decimal notation for measure/money problems

Deve comprendere decimal notation for measure/money problems


Right/wrong benefits from understanding consequences

Right/wrong beneficia da understanding consequences


Distinguishing right from wrong requires vocabulary including 'honest', 'fair', 'trust', and 'right and wrong'

Distinguishing right from wrong richiede vocabolario including 'honest', 'fair', 'trust', and 'right and wrong'


Deepens basic Greek gods knowledge from 5-7


Fluency within 10 requires knowing number bonds to 10

Fluency within 10 richiede knowing number bonds to 10


Fluency within 10 extends from fluency within 5

Fluency within 10 estende from fluency within 5


Measuring perimeter requires measuring lengths and adding them

Measuring perimeter richiede measuring lengths and adding them


Perimeter of 2-D shapes requires knowing shape properties (number of sides)

Perimeter of 2-D shapes richiede knowing shape properties (number of sides)


The periodic table organises elements by their atomic structure — atoms and elements must be understood first


12/24hr clock reading builds on telling time to 5 minutes with am/pm

12/24hr clock reading si basa su telling time to 5 minutes with am/pm


Must know material properties before investigating how shapes change

Deve conoscere material properties before investigating how shapes change


Summarising distinct from opinion builds on KS2 identifying main ideas and summarising

Summarising distinct from opinion si basa su Primaria identifying main ideas and summarising


Theme analysis extends KS2 identifying recurring themes

Theme analysis estende Primaria identifying recurring themes


Arrays are a key representation for solving multiplication/division problems


Solving multiplication/division problems requires knowing the table facts

Solving multiplication/division problems richiede knowing the table facts


Bee dance is a key communication example; insect knowledge enriches it


Communication needs awareness of animal diversity


Checking whether a maths answer makes sense applies the universal self-checking habit to a mathematical context

Checking whether a maths answer makes sense applies the universal self-checking abitudine to a mathematical context


Problem sense-making at 5-6 requires cardinality understanding to make sense of 'how many' problems

Problem sense-making at 5-6 richiede cardinality understanding to make sense of 'how many' problems


Making sense of word problems requires listening comprehension skills

Making sense of word problems richiede ascolto comprehension skills


Making sense of addition problems requires understanding addition as combining

Making sense of addition problems richiede la comprensione addition as combining


Mathematical perseverance with problems is the domain-specific application of the universal persistence habit

Mathematical perseverance with problems is the domain-specific application of the universal persistence abitudine


Opinion writing with a point of view requires 'argument', 'evidence', 'perspective', and 'formal' vocabulary

Opinion writing with a point of view richiede 'argument', 'evidence', 'perspective', and 'formal' vocabolario


Structured opinion with reasons and linking words builds on stating a simple opinion/preference

Structured opinion with reasons and linking words si basa su stating a simple opinion/preference


Must understand germination before learning full life cycle including seed dispersal

Deve comprendere germination before learning full life cycle including seed dispersal


Must know flower function before understanding pollination and seed formation

Deve conoscere flower function before understanding pollination and seed formation


Understanding digit shifting requires knowing what each decimal place represents

Understanding digit shifting richiede knowing what each decimal place represents


Must understand trace fossils before analysing trackways

Deve comprendere trace fossils before analysing trackways


Listening skills support understanding complex sentence structures

Ascolto skills support understanding complex sentence structures


Must understand sentences before combining clauses

Deve comprendere sentences before combining clauses


Understanding sentence types supports creating complex sentences

Understanding sentence types supporta creating complex sentences


Must be able to join with 'and' before learning subordination and other co-ordinating conjunctions

Deve essere in grado to join with 'and' before learning subordination and other co-ordinating conjunctions


3, 4, 8 times tables build on known 2, 5, 10 tables


Counting in 4s and 8s supports learning those table facts

Counting in 4s and 8s supporta learning those table facts


Must know what minibeasts are before studying a specific life cycle

Deve conoscere what minibeasts are before studying a specific life cycle


Comparing story elements builds on describing characters in depth

Comparing story elements si basa su describing characters in depth


Must know what computers are before sorting smart vs not-smart things

Deve conoscere what computers are before sorting smart vs not-smart things


Long division by 2-digit extends Y5 short division by 1-digit

Long division by 2-digit estende Anno 5 short division by 1-digit


Checking division with multiplication requires fluent multiplication

Checking division with multiplication richiede fluent multiplication


Area of rectangles supports exploring same-perimeter-different-area relationships

Area of rectangles supporta exploring same-perimeter-different-area relationships


Measuring perimeter of simple shapes is prerequisite to perimeter problem solving

Measuring perimeter of simple shapes è prerequisito to perimeter problem solving


Describing regular polygons requires knowing the distinction from KS2

Describing regular polygons richiede knowing the distinction from Primaria


KS3 geometric notation builds on KS2 shape classification and property language

Secondaria geometric notation si basa su Primaria shape classification and property language


Ethical decision-making depends on foundational advanced decision-making skills


Advanced ethical decision-making depends on earlier decision-making foundations


Understanding tsunamis benefits from knowing eruptions are powerful

Understanding tsunamis beneficia da knowing eruptions are powerful


Tsunamis are caused by undersea earthquakes


Tsunamis also caused by earthquakes, so understanding earthquake causes helps


Y3 drawing 2D and making 3D shapes is prerequisite to identifying 3D from 2D representations

Anno 3 drawing 2D and making 3D shapes è prerequisito to identifying 3D from 2D representations


Identifying 3-D shapes from 2-D representations requires understanding the relationship between a net and its solid

Identifying 3-D shapes from 2-D representations richiede la comprensione the relationship between a net and its solid


Punctuating bullet-pointed lists builds on the comma conventions for separating listed items within a sentence

Punctuating bullet-pointed lists si basa su the comma conventions for separating listed items within a sentence


Bullet point punctuation relates to list formatting

Bullet point punteggiatura relates to list formatting


Spotting patterns across domains is an extension of the habit of connecting new ideas to existing ones

Spotting patterns across domains is an extension of the abitudine of connecting new ideas to existing ones


Listening and responding foundational to conversation

Ascolto and responding foundational to conversation


Conversational skills provide foundation for evaluating viewpoints


Mechanistic explanation of hurricanes and extreme weather depends on extreme weather overview


Mechanistic explanation of hurricanes and tornadoes depends on global atmospheric circulation patterns


Extreme weather attribution science requires understanding climate models, connecting to broader climate science methodology

Extreme weather attribution science richiede la comprensione climate models, connecting to broader climate science methodology


Corroboration builds directly on the understanding that accounts can differ — it is the systematic practice of comparing those differences


Corroboration involves forming a generalisation from multiple instances of evidence — the universal generalisation habit applied to historical sources

Corroboration involves forming a generalisation from multiple instances of evidence — the universal generalisation abitudine applied to historical sources


Corroborating across sources requires first knowing how to evaluate each source individually through sourcing

Corroborating across sources richiede first knowing how to evaluate each source individually through sourcing


Corroborating sources requires the term 'corroborate' and 'evidence'

Corroborating sources richiede the term 'corroborate' and 'evidence'


Corroborating information across multiple historical sources requires the skill of drawing and evaluating evidence from informational texts, as taught in English

Corroborating information across multiple historical sources richiede the skill of drawing and evaluating evidence from informational texts, as taught in Inglese


Pollinator importance is a specific case of ecosystem interdependence — the broader concept comes first

Pollinator importance is a specific case of ecosistema interdependence — the broader concept comes first


Understanding why pollinator decline threatens food security requires knowing that plants reproduce via pollination — covered in KS2 plant lifecycle

Understanding why pollinator decline threatens food security richiede knowing that plants reproduce via pollination — covered in Primaria plant lifecycle


Using mult/div relationship as strategy supports fluency

Using mult/div relationship as strategy supporta fluency


Fluency within 100 builds on knowing 2/5/10 tables

Fluency within 100 si basa su knowing 2/5/10 tables


Fluency within 100 builds on knowing 3/4/8 tables

Fluency within 100 si basa su knowing 3/4/8 tables


Adaptations relate to specific layers (buttress roots for tall canopy trees, epiphytes reaching light)

Adaptations relate to specific layers (buttress roots for tall canopy trees, epiphytes reaching luce)


Must know rainforest plants before learning how they are adapted

Deve conoscere rainforest plants before learning how they are adapted


Number sequence experience supports recognising patterns and sequences

Number sequence experience supporta recognising patterns and sequences


Skip counting patterns support general pattern recognition


Must understand how habitats support organisms before understanding what happens when they change

Deve comprendere how habitats support organisms before understanding what happens when they change


Food chain knowledge helps understand knock-on effects of environmental change

Catena alimentare knowledge helps understand knock-on effects of environmental change


Discussing how environments change and pose dangers uses habitat and conditions vocabulary

Discussing how environments change and pose dangers uses habitat and conditions vocabolario


Solving real problems with mental/written methods requires the procedural skill of adding/subtracting two-digit numbers

Solving real problems with mental/written methods richiede the procedural skill of adding/subtracting two-digit numbers


Problem-solving in context extends from Y1 word problems

Problem-solving in context estende from Anno 1 word problems


Evaluating decarbonisation pathways and geoengineering depends on climate science methodology and proxy evidence


KS3 renewable vs non-renewable energy provides the energy system context for evaluating decarbonisation pathways

Secondaria renewable vs non-renewable energia provides the energia system context for evaluating decarbonisation pathways


Using reference materials extends KS2 using thesaurus for synonyms

Using reference materials estende Primaria using thesaurus for synonyms


KS3 word-solving extends KS2 etymological patterns (Greek, French, Latin)

Secondaria word-solving estende Primaria etymological patterns (Greek, French, Latin)


Academic and domain-specific vocabulary acquisition builds on the habit of discussing word meanings and linking new vocabulary to known words

Academic and domain-specific vocabolario acquisition si basa su the abitudine of discussing word meanings and linking new vocabolario to known words


Defining academic words requires the ability to define words by category and attribute

Defining academic words richiede the ability to define words by category and attribute


Understanding that others have perspectives and feelings requires the vocabulary of empathy and perspective

Understanding that others have perspectives and feelings richiede the vocabolario of empathy and perspective


Evaluating whether a pattern is truly causal requires the universal generalisation habit — asking whether the rule you think you've spotted actually holds across cases

Evaluating whether a pattern is truly causal richiede the universal generalisation abitudine — asking whether the rule you think you've spotted actually holds across cases


Recognising that correlation is not causation requires the habit of generating alternative explanations — the correlation/causation distinction is a specific case of asking 'is there another explanation?'

Recognising that correlation is not causation richiede l'abitudine of generating alternative explanations — the correlation/causation distinction is a specific case of asking 'is there another explanation?'


Comparative/superlative forms build on distinguishing adjectives from adverbs


Analysing narrative perspective requires citing evidence for how the narrator shapes meaning

Analysing narrative perspective richiede citing evidence for how the narrator shapes meaning


Point of view analysis requires understanding character development and plot structure

Point of view analysis richiede la comprensione character development and plot structure


Must understand Arctic geography before learning about the tundra biome

Deve comprendere Arctic geography before learning about the tundra biome


Order of operations with powers/roots extends Y6 BODMAS understanding

Order of operations with powers/roots estende Anno 6 BODMAS understanding


Plants taught in context of layers (epiphytes in canopy, lianas climbing trunks)


Understanding friendship changes builds on knowing what makes a good friend

Understanding friendship changes si basa su knowing what makes a good friend


Navigating friendship changes benefits from conflict resolution skills

Navigating friendship changes beneficia da conflict resolution skills


Reading/writing numerals to 100 extends from reading/writing numerals to 20

Reading/writing numerals to 100 estende from reading/writing numerals to 20


Reading/writing numerals to 100 requires fluent rote counting to 100

Reading/writing numerals to 100 richiede fluent rote counting to 100


Partitioning into fourths/quarters extends from Y1 understanding of quarters

Partitioning into fourths/quarters estende from Anno 1 understanding of quarters


Partitioning shapes into halves extends from Y1 understanding of halves

Partitioning shapes into halves estende from Anno 1 understanding of halves


Light knowledge supports understanding energy transfer by light

Luce knowledge supporta understanding energia transfer by luce


Describing energy transfer by sound, light, heat, and electric current requires energy type vocabulary

Describing energia transfer by suono, luce, heat, and electric current richiede energia type vocabolario


Must know circuits before understanding energy transfer by electric current

Deve conoscere circuits before understanding energia transfer by electric current


Sound knowledge supports understanding energy transfer by sound

Suono knowledge supporta understanding energia transfer by suono


Adding/subtracting fractions with unlike denominators is needed when comparing fractional parts


Expressing one quantity as a fraction of another requires fluent fraction-decimal equivalence

Expressing one quantity as a frazione of another richiede fluent frazione-decimal equivalence


Expressing one quantity as a fraction of another uses 'proportion' and 'multiplicative relationship' vocabulary

Expressing one quantity as a frazione of another uses 'proportion' and 'multiplicative relationship' vocabolario


Advanced architectural analysis depends on understanding Egyptian monumental construction context


Evaluating evidence against the alien-builder and slave-labour myths is the evidence-vs-interpretation distinction applied to a specific historical controversy


Evaluating competing explanations (e.g., who built the pyramids?) requires the argument-construction and evidence-weighing skills from English persuasive and analytical writing

Evaluating competing explanations (e.g., who built the pyramids?) richiede the argument-construction and evidence-weighing skills from Inglese persuasive and analytical writing


Comparing archaeological evidence from worker villages against popular myths requires corroborating across multiple source types

Comparing archaeological evidence from worker villages against popular myths richiede corroborating across multiple source types


Must understand deforestation drivers before linking them to consumer products

È importante capire cosa provoca la deforestazione prima di collegarlo ai prodotti che compriamo.


Must know basic rainforest foods before understanding global supply chains

Bisogna conoscere i cibi della foresta pluviale prima di capire come arrivano nel nostro mondo.


Print concepts needed to understand book features

I concetti di stampa servono per capire come è fatto un libro.


Regular/irregular polygon vocabulary exercises geometric precision

Imparare i poligoni regolari e irregolari aiuta {{name}} ad essere preciso in geometria.


Square/cube notation exercises precision in mathematical communication

I simboli dei quadrati e dei cubi insegnano a {{name}} a comunicare con precisione.


Age 8-9 precision is prerequisite to age 9-10 level

La precisione a 8-9 anni è la base per il livello di 9-10 anni.


The formal mutually-exclusive outcomes rule extends the simpler complement rule introduced at age 10-11

La regola dei risultati esclusivi estende la regola del complemento imparata a 10-11 anni.


Probabilities summing to 1 builds directly on understanding the probability scale

Capire che le probabilità sommano a 1 si basa sulla scala di probabilità.


Understanding Pompeii's destruction requires knowing eruptions are powerful

Per capire Pompei, {{name}} deve sapere che le eruzioni sono potenti.


Pompeii story is enriched by understanding volcano internal structure

La storia di Pompei è più ricca quando {{name}} capisce come funziona un vulcano.


Pompeii story requires understanding what a volcano is and what eruptions do

Per capire Pompei, {{name}} deve sapere cos'è un vulcano e cosa fa un'eruzione.


HCF/LCM/prime factorisation extends Y5-6 factor pairs and common factors/multiples

MCD, mcm e fattorizzazione estendono il lavoro con fattori comuni.


Formulating scientific questions builds on the general skill of asking relevant questions to extend understanding, developed in English speaking and listening

Fare domande scientifiche si basa sulla capacità di chiedere per capire di più.


Asking good scientific questions requires noticing the distinction between observation and interpretation — a question like 'why did this happen?' only makes sense once you've separated what you saw from what you inferred

Per buone domande scientifiche, {{name}} deve dividere ciò che vede da ciò che pensa. Solo allora ha senso chiedere 'perché?'.


Asking scientific questions is the science-domain expression of the universal comprehension-monitoring habit: noticing what you don't yet understand

Fare domande scientifiche significa notare quello che ancora non capisce.


Scientific enquiry requires persistence through uncertainty — the universal persistence habit underpins willingness to keep investigating

La ricerca scientifica richiede di continuare anche quando è incerto. {{name}} impara a persistere.


Personal connection to text supports understanding character perspectives

Sentirsi connesso ai personaggi aiuta {{name}} a capire i loro punti di vista.


Comparing characters' points of view in literature requires the perspective-taking ability developed through SEL — understanding that people genuinely experience the same events differently

Confrontare i punti di vista richiede di capire che persone diverse vedono le stesse cose diversamente.


Comparing characters across stories builds on general text comparison skills

Confrontare personaggi fra storie si basa sulla capacità di confrontare testi.


Character analysis and POV identification requires understanding of characters, settings, and events

Per analizzare i personaggi, {{name}} deve capire chi sono, dove agiscono, e cosa succede.


Composing shapes requires recognising the component shapes

Per fare forme composte, {{name}} deve riconoscere le forme che le compongono.


Composing shapes benefits from understanding shape attributes to know how pieces fit together

Sapere le proprietà delle forme aiuta {{name}} a capire come incastrarle.


Silent letters are remnants of etymology; etymological spelling pattern knowledge provides the framework for understanding why letters are present but silent

Le lettere mute vengono dalla storia della parola. Conoscere l'etimologia spiega perché ci sono.


Testing F = ma experimentally requires knowing the relationship between force, mass and acceleration

Per testare F = ma, {{name}} deve capire come si legano forza, massa e accelerazione.


The Hooke's Law investigation requires knowing the law before planning the experiment

Per investigare la legge di Hooke, bisogna conoscerla prima di iniziare.


Minibeasts live at specific layers (leaf-cutter ants on forest floor)

Le piccole creature vivono in strati diversi della foresta.


Understanding what a minibeast is helps learn about rainforest minibeasts (Insects 5-7 -> Rainforests 5-7)

Sapere cos'è una piccola creatura aiuta a imparare quelle della foresta pluviale.


Minibeasts are a subset of rainforest animals; knowing the broader animal diversity helps

Le piccole creature sono animali della foresta. Conoscere la varietà aiuta.


Greek and Latin roots/affixes knowledge builds on word family exploration; learners must understand how words relate through shared roots before systematically studying classical roots

Studiare radici greche e latine si basa su attività con famiglie di parole.


Prefix knowledge from Y3-4 provides the foundation for learning Greek and Latin prefix meanings

Sapere i prefissi dalle classi precedenti prepara ai prefissi greci e latini.


Long multiplication 4×2 extends Y5 multiplication up to 4×1 and 2×2

La moltiplicazione lunga 4×2 estende la moltiplicazione di prima.


Must know the Sun and stars before learning about planets and the solar system

Bisogna conoscere il Sole e le stelle prima di imparare sui pianeti.


Understanding tens-and-ones composition requires cardinality — knowing numbers represent quantities

Capire decine e unità richiede di sapere che i numeri rappresentano quantità.


Composing/decomposing teen numbers requires reading and writing those numerals

Per fare e disfare i numeri da 10 a 19, bisogna saperli leggere e scrivere.


Must round numbers before solving problems involving rounding

{{name}} deve saper arrotondare prima di usarlo nei problemi.


Must read/write/compare numbers before solving problems with them

{{name}} deve saper leggere, scrivere e confrontare i numeri prima dei problemi.


Alexander's conquests follow the Persian Wars — same geographic/military context

Le conquiste di Alessandro seguono le Guerre persiane. Stesso contesto.


Alessandro era lo studente di Aristotele.


Solving number problems involves rounding

Risolvere problemi con numeri a volte significa arrotondare.


Number problems to 10M requires reading/comparing to 10M

Per problemi fino a 10 milioni, {{name}} deve saper leggere e confrontare.


Negative number problems may appear in context

I numeri negativi possono apparire nei problemi.


Multiple main ideas builds on summarising single main idea

Trovare varie idee principali si basa su trovarne una sola.


Sorting categories by count benefits from ability to compare quantities

Ordinare categorie per numero richiede di confrontare quantità.


Counting objects in each category requires being able to count sets of objects

Contare gli oggetti richiede di saper contare gruppi.


Mental add/sub of hundreds requires three-digit PV

Per addizionare e sottrarre centinaia mentalmente, {{name}} deve capire il valore posizionale.


Extends finding 100 more/less to adding arbitrary multiples of 100

Si passa da trovare 100 più o meno a sommare multipli di 100.


Understanding equal shares of different shapes requires concept of more shares = smaller

Per dividere forme uguali, {{name}} deve capire che più parti = parti più piccole.


Extends partitioning from halves/fourths to include thirds

Si estende dalla divisione in metà e quarti alla divisione in terzi.


Plate concept explains the patterns of where earthquakes/volcanoes occur

Il concetto di placche spiega dove accadono i terremoti e vulcani.


Tectonic plates concept benefits from prior map-reading of Earth's features

Leggere mappe della Terra aiuta a capire le placche tettoniche.


Tectonic plates are pieces of the crust (requires knowing Earth has layers)

Le placche tettoniche sono pezzi della crosta. {{name}} deve sapere che la Terra ha strati.


Understanding what 'equally likely' means is a specific case of comparing likelihoods that requires the general comparison skill first

Capire 'ugualmente probabile' si basa sulla capacità di confrontare probabilità.


Multimedia analysis builds on relating illustrations to text

Analizzare i multimedia si basa su collegare immagini al testo.


The electromagnetic spectrum is understood as a family of transverse waves — requires the general wave properties framework

Lo spettro elettromagnetico è una famiglia di onde trasversali. {{name}} deve prima capire le onde.


Reflection and refraction of light provides entry-point experience with one member of the EM spectrum

Riflesso e rifrazione della luce sono esempi dello spettro elettromagnetico.


EM spectrum as astronomy tool depends on knowing the full EM spectrum from radio to gamma

Usare lo spettro in astronomia richiede di conoscerlo tutto.


Biodiversity loss is a consequence of the environmental changes affecting species distribution

La perdita di biodiversità accade quando l'ambiente cambia.


Biodiversity's role in ecosystem resilience is best understood in the context of food webs and interdependence

Come la biodiversità aiuta gli ecosistemi si capisce studiando le catene alimentari.


KS3 averages and spread extend KS2 mean calculation to include median, mode, and range

Le medie e la dispersione estendono il calcolo della media per includere mediana, moda e intervallo.


Describing and comparing statistical distributions requires constructing and reading frequency tables, bar charts, and pie charts

Descrivere le distribuzioni richiede di fare e leggere tabelle, grafici a barre e grafici a torta.


Describing distributions using mean, median, mode, and range requires all these statistical terms

Per descrivere le distribuzioni, {{name}} deve usare media, mediana, moda e intervallo.


Identifying 2D shape properties is prerequisite to classifying by shared attributes

Identificare le proprietà delle forme 2D è il primo passo per classificarle.


Recognising shapes by attributes is prerequisite to quadrilateral hierarchy classification

Riconoscere le forme dalle proprietà è necessario per classificare i quadrilateri.


Must know plant names before learning about their parts

{{name}} deve conoscere i nomi delle piante prima di imparare le parti.


Formal written methods support solving more complex problems

I metodi formali aiutano {{name}} a risolvere problemi più difficili.


Complex missing-number problems extend simpler word problems

I problemi con numeri mancanti più difficili estendono i problemi semplici.


Counting to 120 extends fluent rote counting to 100

Contare fino a 120 estende il conteggio da 100.


Counting and reading/writing to 120 extends from reading/writing numerals to 100

Leggere e scrivere fino a 120 estende la capacità fino a 100.


Animals are taught in context of which layer they inhabit

Gli animali si insegnano nel contesto del livello della foresta dove vivono.


Comparing measured lengths requires ability to measure with tools

Confrontare lunghezze richiede di saper misurare con gli strumenti.


Extends ordering/comparing by length to expressing differences in standard units

Si passa da ordinare per lunghezza a esprimere le differenze in unità standard.


Ratio notation (a:b) requires 'ratio', 'simplify', and 'equivalent' as defined terms

La notazione a:b richiede che {{name}} conosca i termini 'rapporto', 'semplificare' e 'equivalente'.


Simplifying ratios requires finding common factors — extends KS2 factor pairs and common factors

Semplificare i rapporti significa trovare i fattori comuni.


Ratio notation and simplification extends KS2 unequal sharing and grouping with ratios

I rapporti estendono il lavoro di divisione con rapporti.


Ratio notation and simplification is complemented by double number line representations

La linea dei numeri doppia aiuta a capire i rapporti.


Adaptations relate to specific layers (prehensile tails in canopy, camouflage on forest floor)

Gli adattamenti degli animali corrispondono ai livelli diversi della foresta.


Must know rainforest animals before learning how they are adapted

{{name}} deve conoscere gli animali prima di imparare come si adattano.


Clause boundary punctuation builds on comma use with conjunctions

La punteggiatura ai confini delle proposizioni si basa sul comma con congiunzioni.


Semi-colons between clauses requires understanding of independent clauses

Il punto e virgola richiede di capire le proposizioni indipendenti.


Finding unknown factors requires seeing division as unknown-factor problems

Trovare fattori sconosciuti significa vedere la divisione come un problema.


Must understand unit squares and area concept before measuring by counting

{{name}} deve capire i quadrati unitari prima di contarli.


Must find factor pairs before reasoning about which numbers have exactly 2 factors (primes)

Prima di capire i numeri primi, {{name}} deve trovare le coppie di fattori.


Curriculum spherical bodies/orbits topic underpins exploratory gravity understanding

Il concetto di orbite supporta la comprensione della gravità.


Must understand Earth's orbit and rotation before understanding gravity as the force maintaining them

{{name}} deve capire l'orbita e la rotazione prima di capire la gravità.


Asking 'why does this work?' requires first being able to explain what you know — interrogation builds on explanation

Chiedere 'perché?' richiede prima di saper spiegare quello che sai.


Etymological spelling patterns extend the suffix and sound-spelling work from Y3

I modelli di ortografia etimologica estendono il lavoro sui suffissi.


Understanding gravity helps contextualise resistive forces opposing gravitational motion

Capire la gravità aiuta a comprendere le forze di resistenza.


Identifying air resistance, water resistance, and friction requires these force terms

Per identificare la resistenza e l'attrito, {{name}} deve conoscere questi termini.


Identifying and explaining air resistance and friction requires drawing force arrows to show opposing forces

Per spiegare la resistenza e l'attrito, {{name}} deve disegnare frecce.


Must know friction from surface comparisons before learning about air/water resistance as similar forces

Sapere l'attrito aiuta a capire la resistenza dell'aria e dell'acqua.


Understanding half and quarter turns benefits from the concept of halves and quarters

Capire i turni di mezzo e quarto si basa sul concetto di metà e quarti.


Describing movement and turns builds on positional language

Descrivere il movimento si basa sul linguaggio posizionale.


Enlargement extends KS2 scale factor work with similar shapes

L'ingrandimento estende il fattore di scala con forme simili.


Similarity and enlargement build on understanding rigid transformations first

Similarità e ingrandimento si basano su trasformazioni rigide.


Similar shapes have sides in a constant ratio — connects to ratio notation

Le forme simili hanno lati in rapporto costante.


SEL listening skills build on curriculum speaking & listening foundations

Le abilità di ascolto sociale si basano su quanto imparato a lezione.


Active listening practice requires understanding the vocabulary of listening, agreeing, and disagreeing respectfully

Praticare l'ascolto attivo richiede di capire come ascoltare con rispetto.


The bystander/upstander distinction is entirely vocabulary-dependent — these specific terms must be taught first

La distinzione tra spettatore e difensore dipende dal vocabolario. {{name}} deve conoscere questi termini.


Bystander/upstander builds on understanding what bullying is

Capire questi ruoli si basa su cosa sia il bullismo.


Being an upstander builds on caring for others

Essere un difensore si basa sul prendersi cura degli altri.


Must know sound comes from vibrations before learning vibrations travel through media

Bisogna sapere che il suono viene dalle vibrazioni prima di imparare come si propaga.


Describing vibrations travelling through a medium requires vibration vocabulary

Per descrivere le vibrazioni, {{name}} deve conoscere il vocabolario.


Engineering for earthquake safety parallels NGSS reducing impacts of natural Earth processes

Progettare per la sicurezza sismica significa ridurre l'impatto dei terremoti.


Engineering for earthquake safety benefits from design-solution-for-hazard curriculum concept

Progettare per i terremoti si basa sulla risoluzione di problemi di progettazione.


Engineering benefits from understanding why quakes happen at plate boundaries

Progettare strutture richiede di capire perché i terremoti accadono ai confini.


Engineering for safety requires understanding what earthquakes do and how they're measured

Per costruire in sicurezza, {{name}} deve capire cosa fanno i terremoti.


Tsunami warning systems require understanding what tsunamis are

I sistemi di allarme richiedono di capire cosa sono gli tsunami.


Understanding joints, tendons and ligaments requires first knowing skeletal structure and function

Capire articolazioni e tendini richiede di conoscere lo scheletro.


Finding pairs satisfying equations requires algebraic expression skills

Trovare coppie che soddisfano equazioni richiede abilità algebriche.


Analysing and comparing shapes requires being able to name them first

Per analizzare e confrontare le forme, {{name}} deve prima saperle nominare.


Analysing 3-D shapes requires recognising and naming them

Analizzare le forme 3D richiede di riconoscerle e nominarle.


Must know about rocks before learning that soil comes from broken-down rock

Bisogna conoscere le rocce prima di imparare che il suolo viene da loro.


Identifying themes requires understanding story elements

Per identificare i temi, {{name}} deve capire gli elementi della storia.


Identifying recurring themes and conventions across a wide range of books is enriched by prior experience participating in group reading discussions — the ability to share and defend interpretations with peers develops the comparative thinking needed for theme analysis

Trovare temi comuni in molti libri si arricchisce dalle discussioni di gruppo.


Identifying themes and conventions builds on understanding central message/moral of individual stories

Identificare i temi si basa su capire il messaggio di ogni storia.


Correct use of SI units and significant figures in tables and axes is grounded in the precision/accuracy topic

Usare correttamente le unità SI richiede di capire la precisione.


Science inquiry recording data in tables and graphs draws on the bar chart and time graph skills from Math data representation

Registrare dati richiede le abilità imparate in matematica.


KS3 graphing (lines of best fit, gradients) extends KS2 ability to construct and interpret line graphs and scatter graphs

I grafici della scuola secondaria estendono i grafici della primaria.


Solving word problems within 10 requires ability to represent the operations with objects/drawings

Risolvere problemi dentro 10 richiede di rappresentare le operazioni.


Multiplicative relationships require 'multiplicative relationship', 'direct proportion', and 'rate' vocabulary

Le relazioni moltiplicative richiedono di conoscere questi termini.


Understanding multiplicative relationships as ratios or fractions is reinforced by the double number line and proportion graph

Capire le relazioni moltiplicative si rinforza con la linea doppia.


Connecting ratios to linear functions links to understanding y = mx + c from algebra

Collegare i rapporti alle funzioni lineari collega all'algebra.


Connecting ratios to fractions requires expressing quantities as fractions of each other

Collegare i rapporti alle frazioni significa esprimere quantità come frazioni.


Understanding multiplicative relationships requires fluent ratio notation

Capire le relazioni moltiplicative richiede fluidità nella notazione.


Need to recognise letters to read sight words

{{name}} deve riconoscere le lettere per leggere le parole.


Blending helps attempt unfamiliar words but sight words bypass phonics

L'unione di suoni aiuta con parole nuove, ma alcune parole no.


Performance connects to understanding how dramatists communicate through staging choices

La performance si collega a come i drammaturghi comunicano.


Developing a model of matter as particles too small to see is built on the particle diagram representation

Capire la materia come particelle si basa sulla rappresentazione con diagrammi.


Must observe state changes before explaining them with particle model

Bisogna osservare i cambiamenti di stato prima di spiegarli.


Must understand observable states of matter before modelling them with particles

{{name}} deve capire gli stati della materia prima di modellarli.


Counting data in categories requires understanding cardinality

Contare i dati richiede di capire la cardinalità.


Organising and representing data requires data, tally, frequency, and category vocabulary

Organizzare i dati richiede di conoscere questi termini.


Organising data in categories builds on classifying and counting objects in categories

Organizzare i dati si basa su classificare e contare gli oggetti.


Rhyme awareness is essential for writing poetry

Notare le rime è essenziale per scrivere poesie.


Recognising literary language supports writing poetry

Riconoscere il linguaggio letterario aiuta a scrivere poesie.


Writing poetry draws on 'compose', 'pattern', and 'genre' vocabulary

Scrivere poesie richiede di conoscere questi termini.


Oral rehearsal supports composing poems aloud

Le prove orali aiutano a scrivere le poesie.


Reciting poems supports writing poetry — understanding performance element

Recitare le poesie aiuta a scriverle e capire la performance.


Tomb paintings depict gods — knowing the gods helps interpret the art

I dipinti su tombe mostrano gli dei. Conoscerli aiuta a capire l'arte.


Using artefacts as evidence builds on knowing what archaeologists do

Usare artefatti come prove si basa su sapere cosa fa l'archeologia.


Using tomb paintings and artefacts as evidence requires 'artefact', 'tomb', 'archaeologist' vocabulary

Usare prove richiede di conoscere questi termini specifici.


Using tomb paintings, papyri, and artefacts as evidence draws on the non-fiction reading skills for understanding how documents and visual texts are organised

Usare prove antiche si basa sulle abilità di lettura per capire i documenti.


Sexual selection and game theory depends on animal intelligence and complex behaviour

La selezione sessuale dipende dall'intelligenza animale e dal comportamento.


Sexual selection and evolutionary game theory depends on understanding co-evolutionary dynamics and the Red Queen hypothesis

La teoria dei giochi evolutiva richiede di capire la coevoluzione.


Must know diverse life cycles before comparing reproductive strategies

Bisogna conoscere cicli vitali diversi prima di confrontare strategie.


Must know plant pollination and seed formation before learning about sexual vs asexual plant reproduction

Bisogna sapere come i fiori vengono impollinati prima di imparare sulla riproduzione.


Relative pronouns (who, which, that) overlap with pronoun knowledge; pronoun cohesion supports understanding pronoun reference in relative clauses

I pronomi relativi si collegano ai pronomi. Capirli aiuta.


Relative clauses extend subordination; learners must understand how subordinate clauses work before embedding relative clauses

Le proposizioni relative estendono la subordinazione. {{name}} deve capire prima.


Answering 'how many?' requires the cardinality principle

Rispondere a 'quanti?' richiede di capire il principio della cardinalità.


Counting objects to answer 'how many?' requires one-to-one correspondence

Contare gli oggetti richiede la corrispondenza uno-a-uno.


Comparing and grouping materials as solids, liquids, or gases requires the naming vocabulary for the three states

Classificare i materiali richiede di sapere i nomi dei tre stati.


Comparing and grouping solids, liquids, and gases by properties is greatly aided by the particle diagram representation

Classificare per proprietà aiuta il diagramma di particelle.


Must classify states of matter before understanding changes between states

Bisogna classificare gli stati prima di capire i cambiamenti.


Must group materials by properties before classifying into three states of matter

Raggruppare per proprietà viene prima di classificare negli stati.


Changing shapes of solids provides context for understanding solid properties

Cambiare le forme solide aiuta a capire le proprietà dei solidi.


Scale factor problems are key Y6 modelling contexts

I problemi con fattori di scala sono contesti importanti di modellazione.


Y6 modelling extends Y5 real-world problem modelling

La modellazione della classe sesta estende quella della classe quinta.


Volume formula application is key Y6 modelling context

Applicare formule di volume è un contesto importante.


Must understand what minibeasts are before learning to name specific ones

Bisogna capire cos'è una piccola creatura prima di imparare i nomi.


Comparing written numerals is the symbolic form of comparing quantities — conceptual comparison helps but isn't strictly required

Confrontare i numeri scritti è la forma simbolica del confronto.


Debating requires skills in constructing arguments with evidence from argument writing

Dibattere richiede di costruire argomentazioni con prove.


Formal debate requires confident public speaking skills first

Il dibattito formale richiede prima abilità di parlare pubblico.


Prepared discussion builds on gaining/maintaining listener interest and evaluating viewpoints

Una discussione preparata si basa sul mantenere l'interesse.


Coming to discussions prepared extends active collaborative conversation skills

Venire preparati estende le abilità di conversazione attiva.


Must know common species before classifying them into Saurischia and Ornithischia

Bisogna conoscere le specie comuni prima di classificare i dinosauri.


Must understand basic diet classification before advancing to anatomical classification

Capire la dieta di base viene prima della classificazione anatomica.


Explaining conduction and convection at the particle level requires knowing the particle model of matter

Spiegare conduzione e convezione richiede il modello di particelle.


Conduction, convection and radiation are three of the pathways for energy transfer by heating — the stores/transfers framework provides the structure

Conduzione, convezione e radiazione sono tre modi per il trasferimento.


Must know circulatory system before understanding how it transports nutrients

Bisogna conoscere il sistema circolatorio prima di capire il trasporto.


Describing nutrient and water transport within animals requires organ system vocabulary

Descrivere il trasporto richiede di conoscere i sistemi organici.


Must know digestive system before understanding nutrient absorption into blood

Bisogna conoscere il sistema digestivo prima di capire l'assorbimento.


Body-emotion connection builds on understanding emotional triggers

Il collegamento corpo-emozione si basa su capire i fattori emotivi.


Solving word problems within 100 requires fluent computation within 100

Risolvere problemi dentro 100 richiede di essere fluidi nei calcoli.


Word problems within 100 extend word problems within 20

I problemi dentro 100 estendono quelli dentro 20.


Estimating/comparing angles requires understanding the degree system

Stimare e confrontare gli angoli richiede di capire i gradi.


Bioaccumulation occurs through food chains and webs — the feeding relationships must be understood first

L'accumulo biologico succede attraverso le catene alimentari.


Columnar add/sub with 4 digits is prerequisite to >4 digits

L'addizione colonnare con 4 cifre viene prima di più di 4.


Reading approximate values from graphs requires graph-plotting experience

Leggere valori dai grafici richiede esperienza nel fare grafici.


Estimating from quadratic graphs requires understanding how curves behave

Stimare dai grafici quadratici richiede di capire le curve.


Ocean floor concept requires knowing the ocean is vast and deep

Capire il fondo oceanico richiede di sapere che l'oceano è vasto.


Ocean floor is the bottom of the deepest zone; zone knowledge enriches it

Il fondo oceanico è il fondo della zona più profonda.


KS3 sequence generation extends KS2 linear number sequences

Generare sequenze estende le sequenze numeriche lineari.


Position-to-term rules require substituting the position number into a formula

Le regole di posizione richiedono di sostituire il numero nella formula.


Must understand sentences before joining them

Bisogna capire le frasi prima di unirle.


Savanna animals contrasts with farm/pet animals from earlier

Gli animali della savana contrastano con gli animali domestici.


Savanna animals builds on knowing animals live in diverse environments

Imparare la savana si basa su sapere che vivono in ambienti diversi.


Sun-driven weather benefits from weather vs climate distinction

Il sole che guida il meteo si basa sulla distinzione tra meteo e clima.


Sun as weather engine requires understanding the water cycle it drives

Il sole come motore richiede di capire il ciclo dell'acqua.


Sun drives weather builds on curriculum sunlight warms Earth's surface

Il sole guida il meteo si basa su quanto imparato sul riscaldamento.


Sun-driven weather systems extend the basic wind-cause concept to global scale

I sistemi meteorologici estendono il concetto di vento.


Tenths extend fraction understanding from halves, thirds, quarters

I decimi estendono la comprensione delle frazioni.


Skip counting supports counting in tenths

Il conteggio saltato aiuta a contare i decimi.


Confident spoken Standard English requires understanding spoken vs written language differences

Parlare l'inglese standard richiede di capire le differenze.


Must understand plural -s before distinguishing possessive 's

Bisogna capire il plurale prima di distinguere il possessivo.


Understanding apostrophe in contractions helps understand its use in possession

Capire l'apostrofo nelle contrazioni aiuta il possessivo.


Understanding nouns supports identifying what can be possessive

Capire i nomi aiuta a identificare cosa può essere possessivo.


Must analyse simple design comparisons before formally defining design problems with criteria/constraints

Bisogna analizzare semplici confronti prima di definire problemi formali.


Translating real-world situations into algebra requires notation fluency

Tradurre situazioni reali in algebra richiede fluidità nella notazione.


Modelling with algebra requires setting up and solving equations

Modellare con l'algebra significa impostare e risolvere equazioni.


Rock cycle benefits from knowing Earth's internal heat drives melting

Il ciclo delle rocce si basa su sapere che il calore interno fonde.


The rock cycle connects the three rock types already learned

Il ciclo delle rocce collega i tre tipi di rocce già imparati.


Rock cycle concept benefits from prior understanding of weathering and erosion

Il ciclo delle rocce si basa su capire l'erosione.


Social reflection benefits from feedback experience

La riflessione sociale si arricchisce dai feedback.


Recognising patterns in how you interact with others is the Friendship domain-specific form of the foundational pattern-noticing habit

Notare i modelli nelle amicizie è come notare i modelli in generale.


Reflecting on your role and behaviour in relationships builds on the foundational habit of considering the impact of your behaviour on others

Riflettere sul tuo ruolo si basa su capire come il tuo comportamento influenza gli altri.


Reflecting on social patterns builds on assertive communication skills

Riflettere sui modelli sociali si basa sulla comunicazione assertiva.


Knowing a range of polar animals enriches the detailed comparison

Conoscere molti animali polari arricchisce il confronto.


Detailed comparison builds on basic Arctic vs Antarctic distinction

Il confronto dettagliato si basa sulla distinzione Artico e Antartide.


Must distinguish objects from materials before naming specific materials

Bisogna distinguere gli oggetti dai materiali prima di nominarli.


Literary vocabulary including mythological allusions builds on recognising literary language and sensory words; the step up is from identifying figurative language to interpreting allusions

Il vocabolario letterario si basa su riconoscere il linguaggio letterario.


Understanding literary vocabulary requires the ability to distinguish literal from figurative meaning

Capire il vocabolario richiede di distinguere il senso letterale da quello figurato.


Temperature homeostasis links to enzyme activity in respiration and why stable temperature matters for cell function

L'equilibrio della temperatura si collega agli enzimi e alla respirazione.


Reciting/presenting builds on Y1 oral description/expression

Recitare e presentare si basano su descrivere oralmente.


Articulating opinions supports presentation skills

Articolare le opinioni aiuta le abilità di presentazione.


Must spell root words before adding prefixes

Bisogna spellarsi le parole radice prima di aggiungere prefissi.


Spelling with prefixes requires knowing 'prefix' and 'root word' as distinct, named concepts

Spellarsi con i prefissi richiede di capire questi concetti.


Informative writing extends KS2 use of layout devices (headings, columns, bullets)

La scrittura informativa estende l'uso di dispositivi di layout.


Writing well-structured informative/explanatory texts that examine a topic clearly requires the foundational ability to produce coherent, task/purpose-appropriate writing

Scrivere testi informativi richiede di scrivere in modo coerente.


Writing informative/explanatory texts with logical organisation and clear development of ideas across sections requires the ability to use cohesive devices and transitions to create coherence at whole-text level

Scrivere testi ben organizzati richiede di usare connettivi.


Writing to explain requires understanding audience and purpose from KS2

Scrivere per spiegare richiede di capire il pubblico e lo scopo.


Measuring mass with units requires first being able to compare masses directly

Misurare la massa richiede prima di confrontare le masse.


Word problems require understanding what products mean

I problemi richiedono di capire i prodotti.


Word problems require understanding what quotients mean

I problemi richiedono di capire i quozienti.


Must perform tests before learning to gather and record data

Bisogna fare test prima di raccogliere e registrare dati.


Skip counting in tens supports recognising decade numbers

Il conteggio saltato per dieci aiuta a riconoscere i numeri per decine.


Understanding decade numbers as 'some tens and 0 ones' requires the concept of a ten

Capire i numeri per decine richiede il concetto di dieci.


Must know the sun is a star and planets orbit it before arguing about star brightness and distance

Bisogna sapere che il Sole è una stella prima di dibattere.


Enrichment knowledge of star brightness vs distance supports formal argument about apparent brightness

Conoscere la differenza tra luminosità e distanza aiuta l'argomento.


Must be able to group materials before conducting investigation to classify by properties

Bisogna raggruppare i materiali prima di investigare.


Romulus & Remus needs geographic context of Italy/Rome

La storia di Romolo e Remo ha bisogno del contesto geografico di Roma.


Non-fiction structures build on Y1 informational text main topic

Le strutture di saggistica si basano su capire l'argomento principale.


Understanding text features builds on Y1 book features

Capire le caratteristiche del testo si basa sulle caratteristiche dei libri.


Bisogna decodificare prima di leggere con fluidità.


Serve una riserva di parole ad alta frequenza per leggere con fluidità.


Must recognise common minibeasts before exploring where each type lives

Bisogna riconoscere le piccole creature comuni prima di sapere dove vivono.


Digital citizenship as a concept requires knowing the term and vocabulary of 'rights', 'responsibility', and 'ethical'

La cittadinanza digitale richiede di conoscere i termini 'diritti', 'responsabilità' e 'etico'.


Digital citizenship benefits from understanding bullying (cyberbullying)

La cittadinanza digitale si basa su capire il bullismo.


Digital citizenship builds on basic safety awareness

La cittadinanza digitale si basa su consapevolezza di sicurezza.


Y6 strategic tool use extends Y5 tool selection

L'uso strategico di strumenti della classe sesta estende la selezione.


Coordinate grids are a new tool for verification

Le griglie di coordinate sono un nuovo strumento.


Choosing long vs short division exemplifies Y6 strategic tool use

Scegliere tra divisione lunga e corta è un esempio di uso strategico.


Must understand erosion before comparing fast vs slow Earth events

Bisogna capire l'erosione prima di confrontare gli eventi.


Rock knowledge supports understanding geological events

Conoscere le rocce aiuta a capire gli eventi geologici.


Comparing capacity requires understanding capacity as a measurable attribute

Confrontare la capacità richiede di capire che è misurabile.


Y4 unit conversion is prerequisite to systematic metric conversions with tables

La conversione di unità della classe quarta viene prima.


×÷ by 10/100/1000 supports metric unit conversions

Moltiplicare e dividere per 10/100/1000 supporta le conversioni.


Must understand how light works before designing a communication device using it

Bisogna capire come funziona la luce prima di progettare.


Must add/sub mixed numbers before solving word problems with them

Bisogna addizionare e sottrarre numeri misti prima dei problemi.


Character/narrator analysis builds on Y1 story elements

L'analisi dei personaggi si basa sugli elementi della storia.


Expressive reading supports deeper character analysis

La lettura espressiva supporta un'analisi più profonda.


KS3 photosynthesis provides the contrast needed to understand chemosynthesis as an alternative energy pathway

La fotosintesi contrasta con la chemiosintesi come percorso alternativo.


Photosynthesis requires knowing about chloroplasts, which are unique to plant cells

La fotosintesi richiede di conoscere i cloroplasti.


KS3 photosynthesis equation and process extends KS2 understanding that plants need light and water to grow

L'equazione della fotosintesi estende il capire che le piante hanno bisogno di luce e acqua.


Must understand deforestation before discussing the complex future trade-offs

Bisogna capire la deforestazione prima di discutere i compromessi.


Climate connection is one of the competing priorities in the future debate

Il clima è uno dei fattori importanti nel dibattito.


Must know conservation approaches before discussing balancing competing needs

Bisogna conoscere la conservazione prima di bilanciare le necessità.


Decimal notation for fractions is prerequisite to understanding % as parts per 100

La notazione decimale per frazioni viene prima della percentuale.


Understanding the % symbol and 'per cent means parts per hundred' is the LANGUAGE node content

Capire il simbolo % e 'per cento significa parti su cento'.


Age 6-7 strategic tool selection builds on age 5-6 familiarity with basic tools

La selezione strategica a 6-7 anni si basa sulla familiarità di base.


Measuring length with units requires selecting appropriate measurement tools

Misurare la lunghezza richiede di scegliere gli strumenti giusti.


Adding within 100 requires choosing number line vs hundred square strategically

Addizionare dentro 100 richiede di scegliere lo strumento strategicamente.


Sentence crafting builds on clause knowledge

Creare frasi si basa sulla comprensione delle proposizioni.


Fraction-of-quantity skills support scaling by simple fractions

Le abilità con le frazioni di quantità supportano il ridimensionamento.


Multiplicative comparison supports scaling problems

Il confronto moltiplicativo supporta i problemi di scala.


Reading × and ÷ symbols parallels reading + and − symbols


Writing ÷ sentences requires understanding division

Scrivere frasi con ÷ richiede di capire la divisione.


Writing × sentences requires understanding multiplication

Scrivere frasi con × richiede di capire la moltiplicazione.


Responsible design thinking extends to environmental considerations

Il design responsabile si estende a considerazioni ambientali.


Cross-domain: climate change awareness (Weather & Climate) enriches understanding of AI's environmental costs and benefits

Capire il cambiamento climatico aiuta a comprendre i costi ambientali dell'IA.


Must understand training requires computation before grasping its environmental cost

Bisogna capire che l'allenamento richiede calcolo prima del costo ambientale.


Understanding alveoli and gas exchange requires knowing the cells-to-systems hierarchy

Capire gli alveoli richiede di conoscere la gerarchia dalle cellule ai sistemi.


Detailed respiratory system builds on knowing we breathe air into lungs for oxygen

Capire il sistema respiratorio richiede di sapere che respiriamo aria nei polmoni.


Understanding needs vs wants helps motivate saving decisions

Capire necessità vs desideri aiuta a motivare il risparmio.


Must understand what money is before learning to save it

Bisogna capire cos'è il denaro prima di imparare a risparmiare.


Monitoring relates to active vs dormant classification

Monitorare si collega alla classificazione attivo vs dormiente.


Monitoring benefits from plate tectonics context

Monitorare i vulcani si basa sulle placche tettoniche.


Monitoring volcanoes requires understanding internal structure and eruption process

Monitorare i vulcani richiede di capire la struttura e le eruzioni.


Compass constructions require confident drawing and measuring skills first

Le costruzioni con il compasso richiedono abilità di disegno e misurazione.


The reactivity series orders metals by their chemical reactivity — metal properties must be understood first

La serie di reattività ordina i metalli. Le proprietà sono importanti.


Displacement reactions are a key application of the reactivity series — reaction types must be understood first

Le reazioni di spostamento sono un'applicazione della serie di reattività.


Calculating probability using favourable/total outcomes requires understanding probability as a number on a 0-1 scale

Calcolare la probabilità richiede di capire che è un numero da 0 a 1.


The probability formula only applies to situations with equally likely outcomes — this concept must be secure first

La formula di probabilità si applica solo ai risultati ugualmente probabili.


Understanding subtraction as taking away requires knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality)

Capire la sottrazione richiede di sapere che i numeri rappresentano quantità.


Drawing shapes by attributes extends understanding defining vs non-defining attributes

Disegnare forme per attributi estende la comprensione degli attributi.


Identifying pentagons, hexagons, quadrilaterals extends knowing 2-D shape properties

Identificare pentagoni, esagoni e quadrilateri estende la comprensione delle proprietà.


Understanding the general water cycle helps understand the rainforest-specific water cycle (Weather 7-9 -> Rainforests 7-9)

Capire il ciclo dell'acqua generale aiuta con il ciclo della foresta pluviale.


Understanding tropical climate (heat + rain) is prerequisite to understanding the water cycle within the forest

Capire il clima tropicale è prerequisito per il ciclo dell'acqua della foresta.


Knowing about rainforest plants helps understand transpiration from leaves

Conoscere le piante aiuta a capire la traspirazione dalle foglie.


Atoms and molecules are the particles referred to in the particle model — builds directly on it

Atomi e molecole sono le particelle del modello. Si basa direttamente su esso.


Looking for pairs that make 10 benefits from knowing number bonds to 10

Cercare coppie che fanno 10 si basa su conoscere le combinazioni.


Adding three numbers uses the associative property to group pairs

Addizionare tre numeri usa la proprietà associativa.


Research and note-taking skills support the ability to gather and organise evidence from informational sources

Le abilità di ricerca aiutano a raccogliere prove.


Drawing evidence from informational texts requires the ability to identify main ideas across paragraphs

Trovare prove nei testi richiede di identificare le idee principali.


Explanations require place-value language and understanding

Le spiegazioni richiedono il linguaggio del valore posizionale.


Must be able to use strategies before explaining why they work

Bisogna saper usare le strategie prima di spiegare perché funzionano.


Must understand the medieval Church's power before grasping why Crusades were launched

Bisogna capire il potere della Chiesa medievale prima di capire le Crociate.


Knight knowledge provides military context for the Crusades

Conoscere i cavalieri fornisce il contesto per le Crociate.


Your child is learning the building blocks of writing — how to make complete sentences, use capital letters and punctuation marks correctly, and understand basic word types like nouns and verbs.

{{name}} sta imparando i fondamenti della scrittura - come fare frasi complete, usare lettere maiuscole e punteggiatura, e capire i tipi di parole.


Your child is learning important grammar skills — understanding how to build more complex sentences, use punctuation correctly, and choose the right words to make their writing clearer and more interesting.

{{name}} sta imparando abilità grammaticali importanti - capendo come costruire frasi più complesse e usare la punteggiatura correttamente.


Your child is learning more sophisticated grammar — using irregular verbs and plurals correctly, punctuating speech, choosing the right pronouns and conjunctions, and understanding when to use different verb tenses.

{{name}} sta imparando grammatica più sofisticata - usando verbi irregolari, punteggiando il discorso, e scegliendo pronomi e congiunzioni giuste.


Your child is mastering more sophisticated grammar — learning to use different verb tenses correctly, understanding how adjectives and adverbs work, and using punctuation to make their writing clearer and more varied.

{{name}} sta padroneggiando grammatica più sofisticata - imparando a usare diversi tempi verbali e capendo aggettivi e avverbi.


Your child is mastering advanced grammar and punctuation — using complex sentence structures with relative clauses, understanding how to change word meanings with prefixes and suffixes, and creating cohesive, well-connected writing.

{{name}} sta padroneggiando la grammatica e punteggiatura avanzate - usando strutture di frasi complesse e creando scritture coese.


Your child is learning advanced grammar and punctuation skills — mastering complex sentence structures, sophisticated punctuation like colons and semi-colons, and formal writing techniques that will prepare them for secondary school and beyond.

{{name}} sta imparando abilità di grammatica e punteggiatura avanzate - padroneggiando strutture di frasi complesse e tecniche di scrittura formale.


Your child is mastering the physical skills of writing — learning to form letters and numbers correctly, hold a pencil properly, and develop neat, legible handwriting.

{{name}} sta padroneggiando le abilità fisiche della scrittura - imparando a formare lettere e numeri, tenere la matita correttamente.


Your child is learning to join letters together when writing, developing smooth handwriting by connecting letters with diagonal and horizontal strokes while keeping letters the right size.

{{name}} sta imparando a unire le lettere quando scrive, sviluppando una grafia liscia collegando le lettere.


Your child is building the foundation for reading — learning how letters and sounds work together, recognizing common words by sight, and developing the skills to sound out new words independently.

{{name}} sta costruendo le fondamenta della lettura - imparando come le lettere e i suoni funzionano insieme, riconoscendo parole comuni, e sviluppando abilità di decodifica.


Your child is learning to read more complex words by recognizing different letter patterns for the same sounds and breaking longer words into syllables, while also developing fluency and expression when reading aloud.

{{name}} sta imparando a leggere parole più complesse riconoscendo modelli di lettere e dividendo le parole in sillabe.


Your child is learning to read more complex words by understanding how prefixes, suffixes, and root words work together, helping them tackle unfamiliar words with confidence.

{{name}} sta imparando a leggere parole più complesse capendo come i prefissi, suffissi e radici funzionano insieme.


Your child is building reading skills — understanding stories by identifying characters and events, asking questions about what they read, and connecting books to their own experiences.

{{name}} sta sviluppando abilità di lettura - comprendendo le storie identificando personaggi e eventi, facendo domande su quello che legge, e collegando i libri alle proprie esperienze.


Your child is developing deeper reading skills — understanding how stories are structured, identifying main ideas in informational texts, comparing characters' perspectives, and recognising how different text features help organise information.

{{name}} sta sviluppando abilità di lettura più profonde - capendo come sono strutturate le storie, identificando idee principali, e riconoscendo come le caratteristiche del testo organizzano l'informazione.


Your child is developing deeper reading skills — identifying main ideas across multiple paragraphs, making inferences about characters and themes, and understanding how authors use language and text features to create meaning and effect.

{{name}} sta sviluppando abilità di lettura più profonde - identificando idee principali, facendo inferenze, e comprendendo come gli autori usano il linguaggio.


Your child is learning to think deeply about texts — making connections between ideas, analysing characters' motivations, identifying central messages in stories, and distinguishing between their own viewpoint and that of authors or characters.

{{name}} sta imparando a pensare profondamente ai testi - collegando idee, analizzando motivazioni, e identificando messaggi centrali.


Your child is developing sophisticated reading skills — analysing how authors structure texts, comparing different perspectives, understanding themes and literary devices, and integrating information from multiple sources.

{{name}} sta sviluppando abilità di lettura sofisticate - analizzando come gli autori strutturano i testi, confrontando prospettive, e comprendendo i temi.


Your child is developing sophisticated reading skills — comparing texts, analysing how authors use evidence and perspective, integrating information from multiple sources, and supporting their interpretations with quotes and reasoning.

{{name}} sta sviluppando abilità di lettura sofisticate - confrontando testi, analizzando come gli autori usano le prove, e integrando informazioni da più fonti.


Your child is developing essential communication skills — learning to listen carefully, speak clearly, participate in conversations, and express their thoughts and ideas confidently with others.

{{name}} sta sviluppando abilità di comunicazione essenziali - imparando ad ascoltare attentamente, parlare chiaramente, partecipare alle conversazioni, e esprimere i propri pensieri con fiducia.


Your child is building confidence in speaking aloud — memorising and performing poems with expression, and learning to speak clearly in complete sentences when presenting to others.

{{name}} sta sviluppando fiducia nel parlare - memorizzando e recitando poesie con espressione, imparando a parlare chiaramente in frasi complete quando presenta agli altri.


Your child is developing confidence as a speaker and listener — learning to engage their audience, consider different viewpoints, and choose appropriate language for different situations.

{{name}} sta sviluppando fiducia come oratore e ascoltatore - imparando a coinvolgere il pubblico, considerare diversi punti di vista, e scegliere il linguaggio appropriato.


Your child is developing stronger discussion and presentation skills — learning to prepare for conversations, share ideas clearly, and present information in an organised way.

{{name}} sta sviluppando abilità di discussione e presentazione - imparando a prepararsi per conversazioni, condividere idee chiaramente, e presentare informazioni in modo organizzato.


Your child is developing critical listening skills, learning to identify key ideas from what they hear and evaluate whether speakers provide good reasons and evidence for their points.

{{name}} sta sviluppando abilità di ascolto critico - imparando a identificare idee chiave e valutare se gli oratori forniscono buone ragioni.


Your child is developing sophisticated communication skills — learning to adapt their speaking style for different audiences, participate thoughtfully in discussions, and create presentations that effectively combine spoken words with visual elements.

{{name}} sta sviluppando abilità di comunicazione sofisticate - imparando ad adattare lo stile di conversazione, partecipare a discussioni, e creare presentazioni efficaci.


Your child is learning to spell by connecting sounds to letters — building simple words, adding common endings like -ing and -ed, and memorising important words that don't follow regular spelling patterns.

{{name}} sta imparando a scrivere collegando i suoni alle lettere - costruendo parole semplici e aggiungendo finali comuni.


Your child is learning more advanced spelling rules, including how to add suffixes that change the root word, use apostrophes correctly in contractions and possessives, and spell words with alternative letter patterns for familiar sounds.

{{name}} sta imparando regole di ortografia più avanzate - imparando ad aggiungere suffissi, usare apostrofi, e scrivere parole con modelli alternativi.


Your child is learning important spelling rules — using apostrophes correctly for possession, distinguishing between words that sound the same, and understanding how prefixes and suffixes work.

{{name}} sta imparando regole di ortografia importanti - usando gli apostrofi correttamente, distinguendo le parole omofone, e capendo i prefissi e suffissi.


Your child is learning to spell words that come from other languages, understanding how Greek, French, and Latin origins affect the way English words are written.

{{name}} sta imparando a scrivere parole che vengono da altre lingue, capendo come le origini greche, francesi e latine influenzano l'ortografia.


Your child is tackling challenging spelling patterns — distinguishing between confusing word pairs, understanding Latin and French word endings, and mastering silent letters and complex suffixes.

{{name}} sta affrontando modelli di ortografia impegnativi - distinguendo coppie di parole confuse e padroneggando lettere mute.


Your child is building their word knowledge — asking about unknown words, understanding opposites, recognising how word parts give clues to meaning, and using new vocabulary in their own speech and writing.

{{name}} sta costruendo il suo vocabolario - chiedendo di parole sconosciute, capendo gli opposti, riconoscendo come le parti di parole danno indizi, e usando nuovo vocabolario.


Your child is learning how words are built and connected — discovering how root words change with different endings (like look/looks/looked) and learning to define words by describing what category they belong to and their key features.

{{name}} sta imparando come le parole sono costruite e collegate - scoprendo come le parole radice cambiano con diversi finali e imparando a definire le parole.


Your child is learning how language changes depending on who they're speaking to and the situation, while exploring how words are connected through shared roots and parts.

{{name}} sta imparando come il linguaggio cambia a seconda di chi parla e della situazione, esplorando come le parole si collegano.


Your child is learning to understand figurative language — recognising when words don't mean exactly what they say and interpreting common phrases and idioms in stories and conversation.

{{name}} sta imparando a capire il linguaggio figurato - riconoscendo quando le parole non significano esattamente quello che dicono.


Your child is developing sophisticated language skills — understanding figurative language like metaphors and similes, learning word relationships through synonyms and antonyms, and using Greek and Latin word parts to figure out unfamiliar words.

{{name}} sta sviluppando abilità linguistiche sofisticate - capendo il linguaggio figurato, imparando le relazioni tra parole, e usando parti di parole greche e latine.


Your child is expanding their vocabulary skills by learning to choose the right words for different situations, understanding how language changes depending on whether they're speaking formally or informally.

{{name}} sta ampliando le abilità di vocabolario - imparando a scegliere le giuste parole per diverse situazioni, capendo come il linguaggio cambia.


Your child is learning to write their own stories and explanations — planning what to say, putting events in order, and sharing their writing with others for feedback.

Tuo figlio sta imparando a scrivere le proprie storie e spiegazioni: pianificando cosa dire, mettendo gli eventi in ordine e condividendo la sua scrittura con altri per ricevere feedback.


Your child is learning to write for different purposes beyond stories — including opinions, explanations, and poetry — while developing planning skills, building writing stamina, and learning to revise and proofread their work.

Tuo figlio sta imparando a scrivere per diversi scopi oltre alle storie: incluse opinioni, spiegazioni e poesia, sviluppando abilità di pianificazione, costruendo resistenza alla scrittura e imparando a rivedere e correggere il lavoro.


Your child is developing as a writer — learning to organize their ideas into paragraphs, write engaging stories with developed characters, and edit their work to make it clearer and more effective.

Tuo figlio si sta sviluppando come scrittore: imparando a organizzare le proprie idee in paragrafi, scrivere storie affascinanti con personaggi ben sviluppati e modificare il lavoro per renderlo più chiaro ed efficace.


Your child is developing more sophisticated writing skills — choosing precise and vivid words to create specific effects, and learning to research topics and organise information from various sources.

Tuo figlio sta sviluppando abilità di scrittura più sofisticate: scegliendo parole precise e vivide per creare effetti specifici e imparando a ricercare argomenti e organizzare informazioni da varie fonti.


Your child is developing sophisticated writing skills — crafting clear, well-organised pieces for different audiences and purposes, and supporting their ideas with evidence from texts they've read.

Tuo figlio sta sviluppando abilità di scrittura sofisticate: creando pezzi chiari e ben organizzati per diversi pubblici e scopi e supportando le proprie idee con prove dai testi letti.


Your child is developing advanced writing skills — planning stories with well-developed characters, organising information clearly with headings and layouts, and learning to research and summarise information from different sources.

Tuo figlio sta sviluppando abilità di scrittura avanzate: pianificando storie con personaggi ben sviluppati, organizzando informazioni chiaramente con titoli e layout, e imparando a ricercare e riassumere informazioni da diverse fonti.


Your child is exploring the fascinating world of ancient Egypt — discovering pyramids and pharaohs, learning about hieroglyphics and the River Nile, and understanding how archaeologists help us learn about the past.

Tuo figlio sta esplorando l'affascinante mondo dell'Antico Egitto: scoprendo piramidi e faraoni, imparando sui geroglifici e il Nilo, e capendo come gli archeologi ci aiutano a conoscere il passato.